{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O232"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O232/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AR1152/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AR1152/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AR1152","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006AR1175","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O232/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O232","accessionNumber":"1296-1900","objectType":"Vase","titles":[{"title":"Phenomenon","type":""},{"title":"Phänomen","type":"manufacturer's title"}],"summaryDescription":"","physicalDescription":"Cased lustrous glass with combed lustred threads, <i> Phänonmen </i>  or <i> Fenomèn </i> type","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Spaun, Max Ritter von","id":"A928"},"association":{"text":"designer","id":"AAT25190"},"note":"possibly"}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Johann Loetz Witwe Glassworks","id":"A1276"},"association":{"text":"manufacturer","id":"AAT25230"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"glass","id":"AAT10797"}],"techniques":[{"text":"glass-blowing","id":"AAT53932"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"glass, iridised","categories":[{"text":"Glass","id":"THES48946"},{"text":"Containers","id":"THES48972"}],"styles":[{"text":"19TH CONT","id":"x29275"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2006AR1152","2006AR1175"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES333544"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Vase","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Klostermühle","id":"x28954"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1900","earliest":"1890-01-01","latest":"1900-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""},{"date":{"text":"1899","earliest":"1899-01-01","latest":"1899-12-31"},"association":{"text":"designed","id":"x29338"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Width","value":"20.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"maximum","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"crossed arrows and four Xs incised","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"Makers's mark","note":"Makers's mark"}],"objectHistory":"\tThis vase is one of the twenty items purchased from J. Lötz Witwe after their inclusion in the Paris 1900","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Vase, iridescent glass, Bohemia (Klostermühle), possibly designed by Max, Ritter von Spaun, at Johann Lötz Witwe, 1899-1900","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Glass Review 6/84,4/85,; Arwas as usual; Ricke etc Lötz 2 vols"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Label for 'American and European Art and Design 1800-1900', Gallery 101, de-canted March 2017:\n\n'11\nVase of Iridescent Glass\n1899-1900\nShown at the International Exhibition,\nParis, 1900\n\nLoetz-Witwe Glassworks combined a successful commercial approach with an ambitions artistic policy. It marketed its wares widley, and patented a process of fusing glass rods onto a monochrome surface. This technique created a patterned, iridescent finish reminiscent of seashells or excavated Roman glassware.\n\nBohemia, Klöstermühle (now Klásterský Mlýn, Hofstätter; manufactured by Johann Loetz-Witwe Glassworks\nLustrous glass, cased, with combed lustred threads ('Phänomen' range)\n\nBought at the exhibition\n\nMuseum no. 1296-1900'","date":{"text":"22/04/2017","earliest":"2017-04-22","latest":"2017-04-22"}},{"text":"Shown in the international exhibition, Paris, 1900, at which Lötz was awarded a Grand Prize. Lötz began producing iridescent glass, copying Tiffany, shortly after 1890.  By 1900 they had evolved their own style and technique, imitating the lustrous effects seen on excavated glass or seashells.  They developed and patented a method of fusing prefabricated glass rods onto a monochrome surface and then ornamented this by combing wavy patterns, marvering etc.  The new range was given the name 'Phänomen' glass.","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}},{"text":"VASE \r\n\r\n1296-1900 \r\n\r\n'American and European Art and Design 1800-1900'\r\n\r\nThis vase is one of the twenty items purchased from J. Lötz Witwe after their inclusion in the Paris 1900 Exhibition. From 1898 to 1914 a number of artist collaborated with the factory in what is now Klástersky Mlýn, Czechoslovakia. At first these were mostly local artist working in the <I> Art Nouveau </I> style in which the factory successfully specialised, perfecting the use of silver, copper, mica and other materials to achieve a brilliantly iridescent finish. After the turn of the century, artist were co-opted from Austria, particularly from the Wiener Werkstätte.","date":{"text":"1987-2006","earliest":"1987-01-01","latest":"2006-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["1296-1900"],"accessionNumberNum":"1296","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1900,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-06","recordCreationDate":"1997-12-13","availableToBook":true}}