{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O231043"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O231043/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011FD2386/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011FD2386/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2011FD2386","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011FD2430","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011FD2435","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O231043/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O231043","accessionNumber":"1003-1900","objectType":"Handle","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This knife or fork-handle is carved from bone in low relief with a representation of the Fall of Man. Adam and Eve are shown in full length in the Garden. It is broadly in the style of German carvings of the seventeenth century, although the carving is of poor quality. \nKnives have been used since prehistoric times, but the history of knives, forks and spoons for eating in Europe probably commenced in the fourteenth century, and their use became accepted by the sixteenth century. Until the late seventeenth century it seems to have been common practice for people to carry their own cutlery, often in a leather case. Ebony, ivory, fish skin, tortoiseshell, amber, bone, horn and shell were all popular for decorating cutlery. Around 1730 ceramic handles were introduced to Europe from China. Although cutlers were required by their guilds to be able to make a complete knife, handles of carved ivory, silver, bronze and glass were usually imported or made by specialist craftsmen.\r\n","physicalDescription":"Knife or fork handle of bone, carved in low relief with the Fall. Adam and Eve are shown full length in the Garden between them the Tree of Knowledge, entwined round which is Satan, represented by a human body terminating in a serpent's tail, offering them the fruit.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"bone","id":"AAT11798"}],"techniques":[{"text":"carved","id":"AAT53149"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Bone, carved","categories":[{"text":"Tableware & cutlery","id":"THES48888"},{"text":"Household objects","id":"THES48939"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SCP","id":"THES48600"},"images":["2011FD2386","2011FD2430","2011FD2435"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"026","id":"THES395646"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Handle","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Germany","id":"x28873"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"probably"},{"place":{"text":"Scandinavia","id":"x32928"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"possibly"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1650","earliest":"1645-01-01","latest":"1654-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"9.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"1.25","unit":"in","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Bought on 22 June 1900, along with six other ivories and carvings in bone (Mus. nos. 1003 to 1009-1900) for a total of £5 from the architect Sydney Vacher Esq. (1854-1934), 35 Wellington Street, Strand, London. The purchase was made on the recommendation of Capt. Sir William de Wiveleslie Abney (1843-1920) (Museum records). ","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Handle for knife or fork, bone, carved, The Fall, probably German, ca. 1650","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>List of Objects in the Art Division South Kensington Museum acquired during the Year 1900. Arranged according to the dates of acquisition, with appendix and indices.</u> London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office. Wyman and Sons, 1903, p. 154"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Longhurst, Margaret, H. <u>Catalogue of Carvings in Ivory.</u> II. London: The Board of Education, 1929, p. 95"},{"reference":{"text":"Trusted, Marjorie, <u>Baroque & Later Ivories</u>, Victoria & Albert Museum, London, 2013","id":"AUTH329728"},"details":"p. 418","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Trusted, Marjorie, <u>Baroque & Later Ivories</u>, Victoria & Albert Museum, London, 2013, p. 418, cat. no. 424"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Adam","id":"N560"},{"text":"Eve","id":"N561"},{"text":"Satan","id":"N1034"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[{"text":"The Fall of Man","id":"V271"}],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"tree","id":"x37637"},{"text":"fruit","id":"AAT11868"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["1003-1900"],"accessionNumberNum":"1003","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1900,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-11","recordCreationDate":"2009-05-11","availableToBook":true}}