{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O229982"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O229982/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011FC7416/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011FC7416/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2011FC7416","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2018KU5827","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2019LX7752","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O229982/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O229982","accessionNumber":"A.65-1927","objectType":"Crucifix","titles":[{"title":"Crucifix ivory and wood with metal fixings","type":"named collection"}],"summaryDescription":"The ivory crucifix figure and INRI scroll are fixed onto a later wood cross, which is inlaid with metal strips and marquetry. The loincloth is signed with an elided PH on the top layer of folds running down Christ's right thigh. Paul Heermann was a sculptor of wood, stone and ivory, who worked in Prague, Rome and Dresden.The virtuoso handling of the anatomy is comparable with Heermann’s large-scale stone sculptures. Such devotional ivory crucifix figures were made in some numbers during the baroque period. It is comparatively rare to find a signed example. ","physicalDescription":"The loincloth is signed with an elided PH on the top layer of folds running down Christ's right thigh. Christ is crowned with thorns, and is represented as dead on the cross. The loincloth is held to the body by a cord, and hangs in folds on the right side. The cross is decorated with floral devices.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Heermann, Paul","id":"A11470"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28674"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"ivory","id":"AAT11857"}],"techniques":[{"text":"carving","id":"AAT53149"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Carved ivory","categories":[{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Death","id":"THES48970"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SCP","id":"THES48600"},"images":["2011FC7416","2018KU5827","2019LX7752"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"3","id":"THES263060"},"free":"","case":"CA1","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Crucifix","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Dresden","id":"x28810"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x39722"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1700-1730","earliest":"1695-01-01","latest":"1730-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x39722"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"68","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"overall","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"38.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"of crucifix figure","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"6.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"scroll","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'PH'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"The monogram is that of the sculptor, Paul Heermann.","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"on the edge of the loincloth"}],"objectHistory":"Bought from Mr. Arthur Einstein, for £150, in 1956.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Crucifix, carved ivory on later wood cross, with dead figure of Christ, by Paul Heermann, Germany (Dresden), ca. 1700-1730","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"E.D. Schmidt, 'Paul Heermann's ivoren Samson en twee Filistijnen naar Michelangelo', Bulletin van het Rijksmuseum, Jaargang 45, 1997, no. 2, pp.135-51b and p. 140, fig. 5\r\n"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"C. Theuerkauff, Die Bildwerke in Elfenbein des 16.-19. Jahrhunderts (Die Bildwerke der Skulpturengalerie Berlin, II), Berlin, 1986, p. 374, note 14"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"A. Radcliffe, M. Baker and M. Maek-Gérard, The Thyssen-Bornemisza Collection: Renaissance and Later Sculpture, London, 1992, p. 392"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"E. von Philippovich, Elfenbein, Munich, 1982 (2nd revised edition), p. 231"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Theuerkauff, Christian, ed. <u>Elfenbein, Sammlung Reiner Winkler</u>, Vol I, 1984, pp. 58-59"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Schmidt, E. D., <u>Paul Heermann (1673-1732). Meister der Barockskulptur in Böhmen und Sachsen. Neue Aspekte seines Schaffens</u>, Munich, 2005, p. 69"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Trusted, Marjorie, <u>Baroque & Later Ivories</u>, Victoria & Albert Museum, London, 2013, cat. no. 68"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Christ","id":"N1515"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"CRUCIFIX\r\nGerman (Dresden); about 1700-1732\r\nIvory\r\nBy Paul Heermann (1673-1732)\r\n\r\nThe figure of Christ is mounted on a contemporary cross inlaid with metal strips and marquetry.\r\n","date":{"text":"1993 - 2011","earliest":"1993-01-01","latest":"2011-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["A.5-1956"],"accessionNumberNum":"5","accessionNumberPrefix":"A","accessionYear":1956,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LN7283","2019LV3178","2019LW9132"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-21","recordCreationDate":"2009-05-06","availableToBook":false}}