{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O22054"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O22054/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011ET6741/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011ET6741/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2011ET6741","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O22054/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O22054","accessionNumber":"M.69-1937","objectType":"Tweezers","titles":[{"title":"Bronze Tweezers","type":"generic title"},{"title":"동제족집게","type":"alternative title"}],"summaryDescription":"In the middle of the tweezers where they are parted, there is a round-cornered square pattern. They have a black tint and a rectangular cross-section. In the Goryeo dynasty, tweezers were used widely by men and women. This tells the mode for beauty during this period - people preferred a broad forehead and distinctive eyebrows. Related statement is found in 1123 in the book of \"sunhwabongsagoryeo dogyeong\", written by the envoy Seo Geung of the Chinese Song Dynasty: Ladies in Goryeo do not like to wear perfumed hair-oil. They powder their face, but do not like to rouge their cheeks and draw their eyebrows big. ","physicalDescription":"Combined tweezers and ear-scoop, with cubical boss separating the two implements.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"bronze","id":"AAT10957"}],"techniques":[{"text":"metal-working","id":"AAT53946"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Bronze","categories":[{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Personal accessories","id":"THES48912"}],"styles":[{"text":"Koryô","id":"AAT134127"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"EAS","id":"THES48596"},"images":["2011ET6741"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"A","id":"THES385234"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Tweezers and ear scoop","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Korea","id":"x30965"},"association":{"text":"produced","id":"x30771"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"918-1392","earliest":"0918-01-01","latest":"1392-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"1. A pair of tweezers and four bitchigae\r\n(hair implements)\r\nGoryeo dynasty (918–1392) and Joseon dynasty (1392–1910)\r\nBitchigae is a double-ended grooming tool. The pointed end was used to part hair, while the rounded end was used to apply hair oil. The grooves of the gingko-leaf shaped bitchigae were initially designed to remove dirt from the hair, but later evolved to be purely decorative and then used as a hairpin. Tweezers were also multi-purpose, with an angled-pointed end to part hair or to scoop ear wax. Bitchigae and tweezers were often stored together inside a vanity box.\r\n\r\nCopper alloy and bronze sheets\r\nMuseum nos. FE.46 to 49-1991, M.69-1937","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"14.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"1.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Height: 5.8'\nWidth: .6","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Tweezers, bronze, Korea, Goryeo dynasty (918-1392)","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["M.69-1937"],"accessionNumberNum":"69","accessionNumberPrefix":"M","accessionYear":1937,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-06-08","recordCreationDate":"2000-02-03","availableToBook":false}}