{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O2075"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O2075/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM8671/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006AM8671/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006AM8671","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O2075/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O2075","accessionNumber":"C.102-1983","objectType":"Flower trough","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"<b>Object Type</b><br>This flower trough was one of many types of pressed, or press-moulded, glass container that were cheaply made, and  became widely available and popular, in the 19th century.<br><br><b>Materials & Making</b><br>The technique of press-moulding glass with the aid of a hand-operated machine was first perfected in the United States of America in the early 1820s. It took only two people to shape a measured quantity of hot glass in a heated metal mould. By simply depressing a lever, a metal plunger was lowered into the glass, forcing it into the patterned mould. By the 1830s this method had spread to Europe and Britain, giving rise to stylistic changes and revolutionising the availability of glassware. The technique made the mid- to late 19th century the first period of true mass production. In the 1890s the introduction of steam-powered presses improved quality while cutting costs even further.<br><br><b>People</b><br>This flower trough was made by George Davidson & Co., Teams Glass Works, at Gateshead-on-Tyne, Tyne and Wear. Founded in 1867, it soon became one of the most famous and prolific manufacturers of press-moulded glass in Britain.","physicalDescription":"","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"George Davidson & Co.","id":"A9106"},"association":{"text":"manufacturer","id":"AAT25230"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Glass","id":"AAT10797"}],"techniques":[{"text":"moulded","id":"x30076"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Press-moulded glass","categories":[{"text":"British Galleries","id":"THES48985"},{"text":"Ceramics","id":"THES48982"}],"styles":[{"text":"VICTORIAN","id":"x29321"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"CER","id":"THES48594"},"images":["2006AM8671"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES404270"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Flower trough","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Gateshead","id":"x28869"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1890","earliest":"1885-01-01","latest":"1894-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Gift of M. J Franklin","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"4.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"18","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"5.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions checked: Measured; 07/07/1999 by Terry","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Marked with a lion rampant above a crest, moulded","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":"A8877"},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"Made by George Davidson & Co., Teams Glass Works, Gateshead-on-Tyne, Tyne and Wear","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Flower trough, England (Gateshead-on-Tyne), made by Geo. Davidson & Co., Teams Glass Works, 1890-1910, C.102-1983  .","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["C.102-1983"],"accessionNumberNum":"102","accessionNumberPrefix":"C","accessionYear":1983,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2025PG4714","2019LP2798","2019LP2107","2019LU1963","2023NR3910"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-09-24","recordCreationDate":"1997-12-13","availableToBook":false}}