{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O192911"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O192911/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009BW8734/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009BW8734/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"low","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2009BW8734","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London/Herbert W. Franke","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O192911","accessionNumber":"E.113-2008","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Quadrate (Squares)","type":"assigned by artist"}],"summaryDescription":"Herbert Franke created this work with the assistance of Georg Färber.  Färber had access to the computer systems at the University of Munich and wrote the computer program based on a set of dates provided by the artist. The original computer graphic output was a small black and white plotter drawing (24cm x 24cm). Franke later produced coloured prints.  In 1970 Franke created a larger (40 x 60cm) red, orange and black silkscreen print for the Venice biennale. \n\r\nThe artwork is informed by Information Aesthetics, a theory that bridges philosophy, psychology, aesthetics, social sciences and art theory. The distribution of squares across the surface area relates to research by the German mathematician and cyberneticist Helmar Frank.\r\n","physicalDescription":"Black, pink and orange geometric silkscreen print after a plotter drawing, depicting a series of interconnected and overlapping squares of varying sizes.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Franke, Herbert W.","id":"A21803"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"paper (fiber product)","id":"AAT14109"},{"text":"colour printing ink","id":"x35423"}],"techniques":[{"text":"Silkscreen print","id":"x39213"},{"text":"plotter drawing","id":"x43893"},{"text":"computer-generated","id":"x44521"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Silkscreen print after a plotter drawing","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"},{"text":"Computer Art","id":"THES49037"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2009BW8734"],"imageResolution":"low","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"315","id":"THES49535"},"free":"","case":"R","shelf":"2","box":"L"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"print","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Germany","id":"x28873"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1970","earliest":"1970-01-01","latest":"1970-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Digital computer graphic was made in 1969. The silkscreen print was created in 1970."}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by the Computer Arts Society, supported by System Simulation Ltd, London","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"69.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"49.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Geometric silkscreen print after a plotter drawing, 'Quadrate' (Squares), by Herbert W. Franke, 1969/1970.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Herzogenrath, Wulf and Nierhoff-Wielk, Barbara, eds. Ex-Machina - Frühe Computergrafik bis 1979. Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2007. ISBN 978-3-422-06689-2. p.343 (cat. 79), ill."}],"production":"In collaboration with Franke, Georg Färber wrote the computer program.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"geometric","id":"AAT20079"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Herbert W. Franke born 1927\r\nSquares (Quadrate)\r\n1969/70\r\n\r\nThis screenprint was produced from a unique plotter drawing. A pen plotter is a mechanical device that drives a pen across a drawing surface, according to instructions from a computer.  Plotter drawings are typically linear, although shading can be produced by cross-hatching.  Many early plotter drawings were created in black and white, with vibrant colours added later.\r\n\r\nScreenprint\r\nGiven by the Computer Arts Society, supported by System Simulation Ltd, London \r\nMuseum no. E.113-2008","date":{"text":"07/12/2009 - 20/06/2010","earliest":"2009-12-07","latest":"2010-06-20"}}],"partNumbers":["E.113-2008"],"accessionNumberNum":"113","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":2008,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Previous owner's number","id":"THES57329"},"number":"CAS/A/0093"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-11","recordCreationDate":"2009-02-26","availableToBook":false}}