{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O18921"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O18921/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GL3803/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GL3803/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2013GL3803","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2021MU6802","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O18921/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O18921","accessionNumber":"IS.82-1963","objectType":"Manuscript page","titles":[{"title":"Balagopastuti of Bilvamangala","type":"popular title"},{"title":"Krishna","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"This illustrated page is from a manuscript of the Balagopalastuti, a Hindu text in praise of the youthful Krishna, whose charmingly mischievous acts in infancy are a great source of delight. The text is ascribed to Bilvamangala. The verses of this Sanskrit text, given over to the loving adoration (<i>bhakti</i>) of Krishna, inspired some of the most celebratory painting of the period. Both sides of the page are illustrated. The Sanskrit text on the front side describes how the <i>gopis</i> or female cowherds wish to beguile the bold but inexperienced Krishna. The text on the reverse reads (in part): ‘Tightly tied by Yashoda with a cow halter to a mortar… the Butter-thief gently weeps’.\n\n","physicalDescription":"Page recto from a manuscript of the <i>Balagopalastuti </i>with an image on each side, opaque watercolour and ink on paper. Krishna standing on a pedestal being enticed by a <i>gopi</i>. To her left stand two others, one with a jar and the other holding the infant Krishna in her arms. Sanskrit text to the left of the illustration.\n","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"opaque watercolour","id":"x35013"},{"text":"ink","id":"AAT15012"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"AAT54216"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Painted and written in opaque watercolour and ink on paper","categories":[{"text":"ELISE","id":"THES48961"},{"text":"Manuscripts","id":"THES48922"},{"text":"Hinduism","id":"THES48941"},{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Bonita Trust Indian Paintings Cataloguing Project","id":"THES263148"}],"styles":[{"text":"Gujarati","id":"AAT19057"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2013GL3803","2021MU6802"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"009","id":"THES403546"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"page","id":"AAT194222"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Gujarat","id":"x29825"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"late 15th century","earliest":"1450-01-01","latest":"1500-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"IS.82:2-1963","id":"O1272057"},"association":"Verso"}],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"10.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"folio","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"23","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"folio","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"'\"Come, Govinda, I will give you milk!\" What (gopis) would not thus beguile this youth along the road to their own house, inexperienced as he is, though bold in the states of excitation of the love conflict? (19) He, who as if in play upheld mount Govardhana to protect Gokula, at the sight of Radha's breast, which was like mount Kshmadhara, became enhanced and agitated (20).'","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Text on the recto, translated by W. Norman Brown. It consists of two Sanskrit verses. The text is from the Balagopalastuti. "}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Manuscript page verso, <i>Balagopastuti</i>, Krishna standing on pedestal enticed by <i>gopi</i>, opaque watercolour on paper, Gujarat, late 15th century","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Swallow, Deborah and John Guy eds. <font u>Arts of India: 1550-1900</font u>. text by Rosemary Crill, John Guy, Veronica Murphy, Susan Stronge and Deborah Swallow. London : V&A Publications, 1990. 240 p., ill. ISBN 1851770224. pp.32/33, no.19.\r\n"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Swallow, Deborah: Arts of Asia, vol. 45, no. 5, September - October 2015,   \" 25 Years of the Nehru Gallery of Indian Art and the Nehru Trust\", p. 92, no. 45."},{"reference":{"text":"Swallow, D., Stronge, S., Crill, R., Koezuka, T., editor and translator, \"The Art of the Indian Courts. Miniature Painting and Decorative Arts\", Victoria & Albert Museum and NHK Kinki Media Plan, 1993.","id":"AUTH346698"},"details":"p. 91, cat. no. 77","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"Krishna standing on a pedestal being enticed by a <i>gopi</i>. To her left stand two others, one with a jar and the other holding the infant Krishna in her arms. ","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Krishna","id":"N748"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":["The image illustrates an episode from a Balagopalastuti manuscript, a Hindu text in praise of the youthful Krishna. The verses of this text inspired some of the most celebratory painting of the period."],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"PAGE FROM A BALAGOPALASTUTI MANUSCRIPT\r\nOpaque watercolour, gold, mica and ink on paper. Gujarat, mid to late 15th century\r\nKRISHNA ENTICED BY FEMALE COWHERDS\r\nIS.82-1963\r\nThe paintings of this Hindu manuscript are in the\r\nWestern Indian style like the much more numerous\r\nsurviving Jain paintings. However, a larger space is\r\ngiven to the illustrations with their lively and\r\nexpressive figures.\r\nThe manuscript has verses in loving adoration\r\n(bhakti) of the youthful Krishna, an incarnation of the\r\ngod Vishnu. The Sanskrit text describes how the\r\ngopis or female cowherds wish to beguile the bold\r\nbut inexperienced Krishna.","date":{"text":"27/9/2013","earliest":"2013-09-27","latest":"2013-09-27"}},{"text":"THE INFANT KRISHNA TIED TO A MORTAR\r\nOpaque water-colour and ink on paper\r\nGujarat\r\nLate 15th century\r\n\r\nIS 82-1963\r\n\r\nFrom a Balagopalastuti manuscript, a Hindu text in praise of the youthful Krishna. The verses of this text, given over to the loving adoration (bhakti) of Krishna, inspired some of the most celebratory painting of the period. The Sanskrit text reads (in part): 'Tightly tied by Yashoda with a cow halter to a mortar… the Butter-thief gently weeps'.","date":{"text":"06/2008","earliest":"2008-06-01","latest":"2008-06-30"}}],"partNumbers":["IS.82-1963"],"accessionNumberNum":"82","accessionNumberPrefix":"IS","accessionYear":1963,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-25","recordCreationDate":"1999-12-23","availableToBook":true}}