{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O18839"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O18839/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2012FG8042/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2012FG8042/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2012FG8042","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2018KX3725","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O18839/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O18839","accessionNumber":"IS.8-1958","objectType":"Painting","titles":[{"title":"Astasahasrika Prajnaparamita","type":"popular title"}],"summaryDescription":"Seated Mahasri Tara. Illustrated palm-leaf folio from the Astasahasrikaprajnaparamita manuscript; from the Vredenburg Manuscript.  According to the colophon, this manuscript was donated by a lay devotee, Udaya Sinha, in the 36th year of the reign of the Pala king Ramapala, c.1120; probably Nalanda monastry, Bihar, Pala period.","physicalDescription":"Folio from an Asthasahasrika Prajnaparamita manuscript, in gouache and ink on palm leaf. Padmapani, a form of Avalokiteshvara, holds a white lotus and is attended by the goddess Tara and the guardian deity Hayagriva.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"palm leaf","id":"AAT11894"},{"text":"paint","id":"AAT15029"},{"text":"gouache","id":"AAT70114"},{"text":"ink","id":"AAT15012"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"AAT54216"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Painted in gouache and ink on palm leaf","categories":[{"text":"Buddhism","id":"THES48984"},{"text":"Manuscripts","id":"THES48922"},{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"},{"text":"Illustration","id":"THES48938"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Bonita Trust Indian Paintings Cataloguing Project","id":"THES263148"}],"styles":[{"text":"Pala Period","id":"x32276"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2012FG8042","2018KX3725"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"011","id":"THES406569"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"manuscript","id":"AAT28569"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Bengal","id":"x30825"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"c. 12th century","earliest":"1095-01-01","latest":"1203-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"53","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"6.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"9.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Modern glass mount","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"58.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Modern glass mount","note":""},{"dimension":"Thickness","value":"0.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Modern glass mount","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Acquired from Mr T Harris, 39 Westmark Point, Roehampton, London SW15, England","historicalContext":"From the E Vredenburg collection","briefDescription":"Manuscript, Asthasahasrika Prajnaparamita, palm leaf, painted, Bengal, c. 12th century","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Guy, John & Swallow, Deborah (eds): 'Arts of India: 1550-1900', text by Rosemary Crill, John Guy, Veronica Murphy, Susan Stronge and Deborah Swallow, V&A Publications, London, 1990, p30, no 16.\r\nGuy, John: 'Indian Temple Sculpture', V &A Publications, London, 2007, p46, plate 48.\r\nE Vredenburg: 'The Continuity of Pictorial Tradition in the Art of India', Rupam No 1, Calcutta, 1920, figures 7 & 11\r\nLosty, J P: 'The Art of the Book in India', p32\r\nLosty, J P in Bautze-Picron, C (ed): 'Essays in Honour of James C Harle', New Delhi, 1990, pp 189-200\r\nBussagli, Mario: 'La Miniatura Indiana', Milan, 1966, plates 1 & 2"},{"reference":{"text":"Topsfield, Andrew, An introduction to Indian Court Painting, H.M.S.O., London, 1984, 0112903835","id":"AUTH337273"},"details":"p. 7. cat. no. 1","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Ayers, J. Oriental Art in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London 1983, ISBN 0-85667-120-7","id":"AUTH347571"},"details":"p. 65","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Irwin, John C., Indian Art, Victoria and Albert Museum, London: H. M. Stationery Office, 1968","id":"AUTH348144"},"details":"pl. 25","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Irwin, John, C., A Brief Guide to Indian Art, H.M.S.O. 1962","id":"AUTH348473"},"details":"fig. 9","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Irwin, John; Indian Art: Victoria & Albert Museum departmental guide, H.M.S.O. ISBN 0 905209117, 1978","id":"AUTH348999"},"details":"fig. 10, pp. 10-11","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["IS.8-1958"],"accessionNumberNum":"8","accessionNumberPrefix":"IS","accessionYear":1958,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"Folio 178","aspects":["WHOLE","recto","verso"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-01-27","recordCreationDate":"1999-12-20","availableToBook":true}}