{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1797349"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1797349/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2025PE9270/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2025PE9270/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2025PE9270","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1797349/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1797349","accessionNumber":"E.101-2025","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Views of a Pawn - Threat","type":"assigned by artist"}],"summaryDescription":"<i>Views of a Pawn – Threat</i> is a print of computer graphic, created by Gerd W. Bieberich (born 1958, Germany) in 1986 while attending the University of Karlsruhe (now Karlsruhe Institute of Technology). The image shows a checkerboard with silver and golden chess pieces. The reflection of the silver castle suggests that viewers are in fact a golden pawn standing in front, risking death in the next move, hence the title.\r\n\r\nThis is an early example of 3D computer-generated imagery using a ray tracing algorithm. Ray tracing is a rendering technique for creating photorealistic images by modelling how light travels and stimulating various optical effects, such as reflection, shading, colour gradient, and refraction. Bieberich used an algorithm called VERA (Very Efficient Raytracing Algorithm), developed by the university, as he was instructed by Prof. A. Schmidt to explore the programme’s capabilities. Ray tracing is a time-consuming process, and Bieberich spent many weeks to achieve the desired result.\r\n\r\nWhen it was first published, the rich details of this artwork fascinated both computer experts and audience outside of that circle. The work later won the Baillie Gifford Prize of the Computer Art Society in London in 1989.","physicalDescription":"A colour print showing a chessboard with gold and silver chess pieces with a gradient pink background.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Gerd W. Bieberich","id":"AUTH408017"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"","categories":[{"text":"Computer art","id":"THES49037"},{"text":"Digital art","id":"THES289934"},{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"DAD","id":"THES260586"},"images":["2025PE9270"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLC","id":"THES49171"},"free":"","case":"MB2E","shelf":"DR59","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Print","id":"AAT41273"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Karlsruhe (city)","id":"x36812"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1986","earliest":"1986-01-01","latest":"1986-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""},{"date":{"text":"1989","earliest":"1989-01-01","latest":"1989-12-31"},"association":{"text":"printed","id":"x46159"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by ADI Innovation AG","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Width","value":"45","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"65","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Ansichten eines Bauem, Dipl.-inf. G. W. Bieberich   Fakultät für Informatik, Abt. Computergraphik, Prof. Dr. A. Schmitt   © Universität Karlsruhe, 1989 ","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"\"Views of a Pawn - Threat\", Gerd W. Bieberich, 1986 (printed 1989), computer graphic printed on paper.","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.101-2025"],"accessionNumberNum":"101","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":2025,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-07-24","recordCreationDate":"2025-02-24","availableToBook":false}}