{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O179521"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O179521/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BT0288/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BT0288/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2008BT0288","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O179521/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O179521","accessionNumber":"C.570-1910","objectType":"Kendi","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Around 1580 a new type of blue-and-white porcelain was developed at Jingdezhen in China. Originally intended for export around Asia it was soon traded across the world, including the Americas. This commerce was driven primarily by the Dutch East India Company (founded 1602), which shipped the new wares in unprecedented quantities.\r\n\r\nThis new type with panelled borders is called 'Kraak porcelain' and was made for export from the 1580s to the 1640s. The word <i> kraak</i> is the Dutch name for the carrack, an ocean-going trading vessel. Mass-produced in standardised shapes, the wares were stackable and light, which reduced transport costs. Attractively decorated with plants, birds and animals in blue-and-white, Kraak porcelain had world wide success.\r\n\r\nIn south-east Asia, this type of drinking vessel was known as a <i>kendi</i>. A communal drinking form, it was specifically designed to be held a a certain height and the water poured into one's mouth so that the lips never actually touched the vessel.","physicalDescription":"Porcelain kendi of depressed globular form with long neck and a mammiform spout. The lower part moulded in five panels, painted in underglaze blue with a bird, a horse, a stork, an insect and sceptre-heads (<i>ruyi</i>);  on the spout with flower-heads on diaper ground; below neck with a band of sceptre-heads (<i>ruyi</i>), on the neck with plantain leaves, some diaper-works below mouth.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"porcelain","id":"AAT10662"},{"text":"cobalt oxide","id":"AAT233422"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"x30138"},{"text":"moulded","id":"AAT53134"},{"text":"blue and white","id":"x44546"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Porcelain, moulded and painted in underglaze blue","categories":[{"text":"Ceramics","id":"THES48982"},{"text":"Porcelain","id":"THES48907"}],"styles":[{"text":"Wanli","id":"AAT18465"},{"text":"Blue and white (Asia)","id":"x44958"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"EAS","id":"THES48596"},"images":["2008BT0288"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"145 (VA)","id":"THES49865"},"free":"","case":"5","shelf":"1","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"KENDI","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Jingdezhen","id":"x32230"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1590-1615","earliest":"1590-01-01","latest":"1615-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Salting Bequest","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"19.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"15","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Bequeathed by Mr. George Salting, accessioned in 1910. This acquisition information reflects that found in the Asia Department registers, as part of a 2022 provenance research project.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Kendi, moulded porcelain with underglaze blue decoration, China, Ming dynasty, Wanli period (1573-1620)","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"bird","id":"x35043"},{"text":"ruyi","id":"x40928"},{"text":"horse","id":"x30117"},{"text":"stork","id":"x30160"},{"text":"insect","id":"x30262"},{"text":"diaper-work","id":"AAT10144"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Drinking vessel (kendi) \r\nChina, Jingdezhen, 1590-1615\r\nMade for the south-east Asian market.\r\nC.570-1910. Salting Bequest","date":{"text":"2009","earliest":"2009-01-01","latest":"2009-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["C.570-1910"],"accessionNumberNum":"570","accessionNumberPrefix":"C","accessionYear":1910,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"","id":""},"number":"Loan no. 984"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-20","recordCreationDate":"2008-12-15","availableToBook":false}}