{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O179310"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O179310/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BW1281/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BW1281/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"low","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2008BW1281","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London/Josef Albers","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O179310","accessionNumber":"E.18-1994","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Introitus","type":"assigned by artist"}],"summaryDescription":"Josef Albers became one of the most influential artists of the 20th century avant-garde.\r\nHe is best known for his later works, but his systematic presentation of spatial ambivalence and paradox, made through endless variations on geometric themes and juxtapositions of colour,  went through many  articulations before he arrived at his characteristic, hard-edged rectangles within rectangles of flat colour.  \r\n\r\nThroughout the 1940s, while teaching. at Black Mountain College in California, he made frequent trips to Mexico. He was inspired by the architecture and artefacts seen there and absorbed their abstract, formal qualities into his prints made during the 1940s. After experimenting with modulated line, in a series of drypoints, Albers went on to make a series of lithographs collectively titled 'Graphic Tectonic' with very precise linear structures but, which through repeated and closely drawn parallel lines, and the use of right-angles, create powerfully ambiguous visual illusions of space and volume.","physicalDescription":"The image is an outline of a rectangle, with the longer sides vertical (so portrait format); the space inside the rectangle is articulated with a series of ever decreasing rectangles of the same proportions as the outer one. The shape is repeated 11 times, leaving a small blank rectangle in the centre. the lines defining the rectangles are of two different widths, and of course, are closer together on the longer, vertical sides.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Albers, Josef","id":"A6763"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"colour printing ink","id":"x35423"},{"text":"card","id":"x30344"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Lithograph on paper","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"}],"styles":[{"text":"Abstract, perceptual","id":"AAT22195"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2008BW1281"],"imageResolution":"low","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLE","id":"THES49657"},"free":"","case":"MP","shelf":"251","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"print","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"USA","id":"x29333"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1942","earliest":"1942-01-01","latest":"1942-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"E.17-1994","id":"O179279"},"association":"Set"},{"object":{"text":"E.19-1994","id":"O179319"},"association":""},{"object":{"text":"E.20-1994","id":"O179335"},"association":""},{"object":{"text":"E.21-1994","id":"O179341"},"association":""}],"creditLine":"Given by the Josef Albers Foundation","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"35.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"printed surface","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"17.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"printed surface","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"60.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"sheet","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"48.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"sheet","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Albers 42  Introitus\r\n29/30","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"signed and dated in pencil;  inscribed with title and edition number."}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Josef Albers: lithograph: Introitus. From the group of 8 plates 'Graphic Tectonic. 1942","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"François Bucher (with captions by Albers); Despite Straight Lines. New Haven and London, 1961. illus. pp19-31\r\nEugen Gomringer:  Josef Albers.  New York 1968. p.75-6. illus. pp 84-90\r\nWerner Spies:  Josef Albers. Stuttgart, 1971. p.36. illus. pp30-32\r\nGetulio Alviani: Josef Albers. Milan, 1988. illus. plates 70-77"}],"production":"One of a group of eight plates collectively titled 'Graphic Tectonic' . The museum has five of the eight.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"ambiguity, spatial","id":"x43510"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.18-1994"],"accessionNumberNum":"18","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":1994,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"29/30","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-09","recordCreationDate":"2008-12-12","availableToBook":false}}