{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1779917"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1779917/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2025PH3112/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2025PH3112/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2025PH3112","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2025PH3113","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1779917/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1779917","accessionNumber":"E.586-2024","objectType":"Photograph","titles":[{"title":"Cryptobiology: Reconstructing Identity ","type":"assigned by artist"}],"summaryDescription":"Ellen Sandor (1942-) is the founder and director of (art)n (1983-), a collaborative group that includes artists, mathematicians, and scientists, based in Chicago, that focuses on the intersection between science and art. In 1975, inspired by the process-oriented works of Man Ray and Marcel Duchamp as well as Outsider Art, Sandor developed an artistic process called “PHSColograms” (skol-o-grams), an acronym for Photography, Holography, Sculpture and Computer graphics. These PHSColograms are 3D images and are the precursor to 21<sup>st </sup>century computer-based VR.\r\n\r\nThe multidisciplinary nature of PHScolograms meant that there were significant number of collaborations between artists and scientific practitioners. Sandor has collaborated with notable women in STEM including Nobel Prize recipient Jennifer Doudna, Beth Stevens, Cynthia K. Thompson, Carolina Cruz-Neira, and others who have contributed to the ‘herstory’ of women in science.\r\n\r\n(art)n’s collaboration with scientific researchers has played a significant role in their approach to visualizing mathematical formulas, complex molecules, viruses and other phenomena invisble to the naked eye. In <i>Cryptobiology: Reconstructing Identity</i>, a glass structure in the foreground depicts Type B DNA of the lysozyme protein. This enzyme opens the cell walls of certain bacteria and is part of our immune system and defense against infections. In the background, sepia tone images and vertical prints are in fact images of fingerprint DNA. \r\n","physicalDescription":"lenticular photograph (flat image)","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Sandor, Ellen","id":"AUTH332279"},"association":{"text":"computer artist","id":"AAT253822"},"note":""},{"name":{"text":"Keith Miller","id":"AUTH410361"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""},{"name":{"text":"Fernando Orellana","id":"AUTH410362"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""},{"name":{"text":"Janine Fron","id":"AUTH410363"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""},{"name":{"text":"Kathleen Helm-Bychowski","id":"AUTH410365"},"association":{"text":"scientist","id":"AAT25788"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"(art)n","id":"A28184"},"association":{"text":"artists' group","id":"x44080"},"note":"Collaborators part of (art)n involved: Keith Miller (artist); Ferando Orellana (artist); Janine Fron (artist); Kathleen Helm-Bychowski (scientist)"}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Duratrans, Kodalith, Plexiglass","categories":[{"text":"Computer art","id":"THES49037"},{"text":"Digital art","id":"THES289934"},{"text":"Digital design","id":"THES273936"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"DAD","id":"THES260586"},"images":["2025PH3112","2025PH3113"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLC","id":"THES49171"},"free":"","case":"MB2E","shelf":"DR81","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"photographs","id":"AAT46300"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"No","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[],"productionDates":[],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Ellen Sandor & (art)n","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"101.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"25/09/2025","earliest":"2025-09-25","latest":"2025-09-25"},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"76 ","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"25/09/2025","earliest":"2025-09-25","latest":"2025-09-25"},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Lenitcular virtual photograph/PHSCologram, 'Cryptobiology: Reconstructing Idenity', by Ellen Sandor & (art)n, 2001","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.586-2024"],"accessionNumberNum":"586","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":2024,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-10-09","recordCreationDate":"2024-05-20","availableToBook":false}}