{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O170362"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O170362/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011ER6539/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2011ER6539/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2011ER6539","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2011ER6540","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O170362/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O170362","accessionNumber":"1217-1888","objectType":"Altar frontal","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Lace was among the most highly prized and expensive of all textiles in the 17th century. From the main centres of production in Italy and Flanders it was traded widely across Europe, and the industry responded quickly to changes in fashionable dress, as different styles came in and out of favour. In the 1660s, Venetian needle lace became the most fashionable lace, dominating the upper end of the market for both men’s and women’s dress. \r\n\r\nThe industry also expanded rapidly through the patronage of the Catholic Church. Italian lace-makers exaggerated the three-dimensional qualities of needle lace, and developed the technique of dividing up large patterns into manageable sections, enabling the production of large-scale ecclesiastical items like this altar frontal that were conspicuously extravagant.","physicalDescription":"Altar frontal of raised needle lace.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"linen","id":"x35336"}],"techniques":[{"text":"needle lace","id":"x29416"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Needle lace worked in linen thread","categories":[{"text":"Lace","id":"THES48926"},{"text":"Ecclesiastical textiles","id":"THES48962"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"T&F","id":"THES48601"},"images":["2011ER6539","2011ER6540"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"A","id":"THES304512"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Altar frontal","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Venice (city)","id":"x29237"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1670-1690","earliest":"1670-01-01","latest":"1690-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"254","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"112","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"taken from register","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Purchased in 1888 for £350 from lace dealers Messrs Haywards. The register has a comment from Mr S [Samuel] Chick : \"For some years it ws in the possession of a dealer in Padua, where I frequently saw it, and I have heard them say it was formerly in some church, not I fancy in Florence but somewhere in Sardinia .\"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Raised needle lace altar frontal, 1670-90, Italian","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["1217-1888"],"accessionNumberNum":"1217","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1888,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-19","recordCreationDate":"2008-10-24","availableToBook":true}}