{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O166263"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O166263/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GF0078/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2013GF0078/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2013GF0078","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GF0076","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GF0077","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GF0079","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GK3388","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GK3389","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GK3390","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GK3391","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GK3392","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GM1999","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GM2000","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2013GT9422","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KB3802","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KC8202","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O166263/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O166263","accessionNumber":"291-1867","objectType":"Diptych","titles":[{"title":"Diptych","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"This is an ivory diptych made in Paris, about 1350-1375. The diptych depicts scenes from the passion of Christ in six compartments, each surmounted by four trefoil arches; to be read across both leaves from the top left-hand corner -the Entry into Jerusalem; Christ washing the Disciple's feet; the Last Supper; the Agony in the Garden; the Betrayal; the Hanging of Judas; and the Crucifixion.\r\n\r\nThis impressive diptych is one of ten examples grouped by Koechlin under the heading of '<i>grands diptyques de la Passion</i>', which he suggested were made in a single Parisian workshop (Koechlin, R., 1924, I, pp. 284-91, II, pp. 285-288). The later silver mounts, probably added in the sixteenth century, indicate that the diptych was then highly valued and considered worthy of embellishment, perhaps within the context of a royal collection or religious foundation. \n\nThe devotional diptych is in many ways the object type most associated with the notion of Gothic ivory carving. The earliest examples probably date to the 1240s; these are complex, large and ambitious works that emerged, somewhat surprisingly, with no obvious precursors. The owners of ivory diptychs sometimes appear within their images. Such portraits indicate that they were special requests on the part of their commissioners, and they parallel the similar figures that appear in manuscripts and panel paintings of the period. The iconography of Gothic diptychs oscillated between two poles. The first of which is the desire to present narratives (Life of Christ and Virgin Mary) for envisaging. The second was the use of non-narrative images to form the focus of devotion. \r\n","physicalDescription":"Ivory diptych carved in high relief with six scenes from the Passion of Christ in six registers. Each register is topped with an arcade of four shallow trefoil arches, with large crockets and finials. Between each arch is a deeply cut trefoil, and each register is topped with a stepped moulding. In most cases, a single scene is depicted beneath each arcade. These read from left to right, top downwards: the Entry into Jerusalem, Christ washing the disciples' feet, the Last Supper, the Agony in the Garden, the Arrest of Christ, Judas's Suicide and the Crucifixion. It is notable that in the scene of the Crucifixion, Longinus’s spear has been carved from a separate piece of ivory and is set into a small hole drilled into the lower border. With later silver mounts (probably from the sixteenth century) that have been added to the top edge of both plaques. ","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"ivory","id":"AAT11857"},{"text":"silver","id":"AAT11029"}],"techniques":[{"text":"high relief","id":"AAT53626"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Carved ivory with later silver mounts ","categories":[{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SCP","id":"THES48600"},"images":["2013GF0078","2013GF0076","2013GF0077","2013GF0079","2013GK3388","2013GK3389","2013GK3390","2013GK3391","2013GK3392","2013GM1999","2013GM2000","2013GT9422","2017KB3802","2017KC8202"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"012","id":"THES395630"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Diptych","id":"AAT178228"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Paris","id":"x29068"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1350-1375","earliest":"1345-01-01","latest":"1375-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"25.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"24.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"open ","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"In the possession of John Webb, London, by 1862; purchased from Webb in 1867 for £140.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Diptych, ivory, representing six scenes from the Passion of Christ, France (Paris), ca. 1350-1375","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Inventory of Art Objects acquired in the Year 1867. <font -u>Inventory of the Objects in the Art Division of the Museum at South Kensington, arranged According to the Dates of their Acquisition. Vol. 1.</font> London: Printed by George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode for H.M.S.O., 1868, p. 7"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Longhurst, Margaret H. <font -u>Catalogue of Carvings in Ivory.</font> London: Published under the Authority of the Board of Education, 1927-1929, Part II, p. 22"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<font -u>Images in Ivory: Precious Objects of the Gothic Ages.</font> Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1997, p. 178, figs. 31-33b"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Cf. <font -u>Die sakralen Werke des Mittelalters.</font> Lübeck : Museen für Kunst und Kulturgeschichte der Hansestadt Lübeck, 1964, p. 185, no. 104"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Cf. Pelka, Otto. <font -u>Elfenbein.</font> Berlin, 1920, p. 1954, abb. 127"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"CF. Wixom, William D. <font -u>Treaesures from Medieval France.</font> Cleveland: Museum of Art, 1967, no. V24"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Cf. Sand, Robin. [Dissertation on 'Passion Diptych'] Columbia University"},{"reference":{"text":"Maskell, W., <u>A Description of the Ivories Ancient and Medieval in the South Kensington Museum</u>, London, 1872","id":"AUTH330219"},"details":"pp. 120-121","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Maskell, A., <u>Ivories</u>, London, 1905","id":"AUTH332726"},"details":"p. 167","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Koechlin, R., <u>Les Ivoires gothiques français</u>, 3 vols, Paris, 1924 (reprinted Paris 1968)","id":"AUTH332728"},"details":"I, p. 286, II, cat. no. 796","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Williamson, Paul and Davies, Glyn, <u>Medieval Ivory Carvings, 1200-1550</u>, (in 2 parts), V&A Publishing, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 2014","id":"AUTH332632"},"details":"part 1, pp. 302-305","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Williamson, Paul and Davies, Glyn, <u>Medieval Ivory Carvings, 1200-1550</u>, (in 2 parts), V&A Publishing, Victoria and Albert Museum, London, 2014, part 1, pp. 302-305, cat. no. 101"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Jesus Christ","id":"N1515"},{"text":"Apostles","id":"N1452"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"The Passion of Christ","id":"x42912"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["291-1867"],"accessionNumberNum":"291","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1867,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LU2945"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-19","recordCreationDate":"2008-08-22","availableToBook":true}}