{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O165102"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O165102/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2017JX0063/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2017JX0063/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2017JX0063","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JX0038","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JX0039","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JX0040","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JX0041","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JX0042","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JX0043","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JX0045","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JX0046","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JX0047","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006BD5002","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O165102/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O165102","accessionNumber":"FE.24-1983","objectType":"Hanging","titles":[{"title":"Hanging","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"A mandala can be a graphic object (painting, woven hanging) used in Buddhist meditation or to denote a sacred space. \r\n\r\nThis large silk hanging represents the 'Womb Treasury World', the mystical universal source, or 'womb', from which all things emerged. The iconography is based on the text of the Mahavairocana Sutra: At the centre of the mandala is the Buddha Vairocana, who is preaching the Dharma (the Truth upheld by the Universe) to four Buddhas and four Bodhisatvas. \r\n\r\nThe four Buddhas might be Ratnashvaya (<i>Baosheng</i>  in Chinese, East), Amida (<i>Mituo</i> in Chinese, West), Akshobya (<i>Ajiu</i>South), and Amoghasiddhi (<i>Chengjiu</i>North) (it should be noted that these positions may vary in different mandalas). Together with Vairocana, they are known as the Five Meditation or Wisdom Buddhas.\r\n\r\nThe Boddhisatvas are possibly Samantabhadra (or Vajradhara, <i>Puxian,</i> in Chinese; South-east position), Manjusri (or <i>Wenshu</i> in Chinese; South-west), Avalokitesvara (<i>Guanyin</i> in Chinese; North-west) and Maitreya (Mi-le in Chinese, North east). \r\n\r\nThe Manchu rulers of the Qing Dynasty originated from the northeast of China, and the empire extended to neighbouring Monglia and went as far as Tibet. Patronage of Buddhism in these areas was an important aspect of imperial diplomacy, and diplomatic gifts often exchanged. This mandala (embroidered on 'royal yellow'-coloured silk) was possibly presented by Mongol princes to the Yongzheng emperor for a temple under imperial patronage, and possibly one at the important pilgimage site of Wutaishan in Shanxi province.","physicalDescription":"Buddhist hanging in the form of  a Buddhist mandala. Yellow satin weave silk, the corners of which are decorated with a secular scrolling leaf design while the larger part of the central surface is taken up with the symmetrical religious motif contained within a circle. The hanging is embroidered in satin stitch in untwisted silk floss in light blue, dark blue, greens, reds, and white. In some areas the colours are shaded. There is also gold wrapped thread couched down singly to form outlines. The lining, which is original, is pieced together from similar but not identical yellow self-patterned silk. All the lining silks have some form of floral and fret pattern incorporated into the weave. There are lines of yellow silk ties, many of them missing, attached to the lining.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"silk (textile)","id":"AAT243428"},{"text":"silk thread","id":"x30127"},{"text":"gold thread","id":"x30128"}],"techniques":[{"text":"satin weave","id":"x37324"},{"text":"embroidering","id":"AAT53653"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Satin weave silk with silk embroidery and couched gold threads","categories":[{"text":"Buddhism","id":"THES48984"},{"text":"Wall coverings","id":"THES48878"},{"text":"Textiles","id":"THES48885"}],"styles":[{"text":"Qing","id":"AAT18478"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"EAS","id":"THES48596"},"images":["2017JX0063","2017JX0038","2017JX0039","2017JX0040","2017JX0041","2017JX0042","2017JX0043","2017JX0045","2017JX0046","2017JX0047","2006BD5002"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES325696"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Hanging","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"China","id":"x29398"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"Mongolia"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1720-1750","earliest":"1720-01-01","latest":"1750-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Lord and Lady Garner","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"3000","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Proper Right","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"3010","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Proper Left","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"3290","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Top Edge","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"3125","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Bottom Edge","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"26","unit":"kg","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":"Weight of object on the roller and scaffold pole."}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Registered file number 1973/1005.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Buddhist hanging, satin weave silk with silk embroidery and couched gold threads, China, Qing dynasty, 1720-50.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Kerr, Rose (ed.), Chinese Art and Design: the T.T. Tsui Gallery of Chinese Art. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1991.","id":"AUTH404455"},"details":"pp. 210-211","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"leaf scrolls","id":"AAT10104"},{"text":"deities","id":"x31373"},{"text":"曼荼羅","id":"CIT286037"},{"text":"密教","id":"CIT286415"},{"text":"菩薩","id":"CIT281328"},{"text":"天女","id":"CIT281100"},{"text":"背光","id":"CIT288888"},{"text":"化佛冠","id":"CIT285930"},{"text":"耳飾","id":"CIT285611"},{"text":"瓔珞","id":"CIT282694"},{"text":"鐲","id":"CIT285619"},{"text":"綵帶","id":"CIT282933"},{"text":"腰巾","id":"CIT0292296"},{"text":"裙","id":"CIT289582"},{"text":"禪定印","id":"CIT286349"},{"text":"降魔坐","id":"CIT0288602"},{"text":"蓮座","id":"CIT281341"},{"text":"金剛杵","id":"CIT281405"},{"text":"白蓋","id":"CIT281254"},{"text":"寶瓶","id":"CIT281122"},{"text":"幢 (鹵簿)","id":"CIT290208"},{"text":"旛 (鹵簿)","id":"CIT290209"},{"text":"雙鹿","id":"CIT0285577"},{"text":"法輪","id":"CIT281214"},{"text":"植物 (紋飾)","id":"CIT288655"},{"text":"動物 (紋飾)","id":"CIT288652"}],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"Buddhism","id":"AAT73738"},{"text":"Vajrayana","id":"AAT22016"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["FE.24-1983"],"accessionNumberNum":"24","accessionNumberPrefix":"FE","accessionYear":1983,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Previous loan number","id":"THES50326"},"number":"Garner 34"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-17","recordCreationDate":"2008-08-08","availableToBook":true}}