{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O164477"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O164477/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BU2723/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BU2723/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2008BU2723","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BU2724","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BU2443","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BU2442","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BU2180","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O164477/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O164477","accessionNumber":"LOAN:GILBERT.323-2008","objectType":"Snuffbox","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Enamel decoration on snuffboxes progressed from small highlights to larger areas painted <i>en plein</i>, or directly onto the plain gold ground. Craftsmen created small vignettes within gold chased borders, depicting a new range of fashionable scenes, but regrettably few are signed by the artist. The subjects were often floral compositions, pastoral scenes in the manner of the French artist François Boucher (1703-70), or peasant scenes in the manner of David Teniers the Younger (1610-90). \n\nIt has been suggested that the dogs and the cat enamelled on the lid are those of Madame de Pompadour, the mistress of Louis XV of France. Mimi and Ines were portrayed in engravings of 1755 and 1758 by Etienne Fessard after paintings by Christophe Huet. However, there is no reason to suppose that the box itself belonged to Madame de Pompadour as it was made in 1764, the year of her death, and the engravings were in circulation from the mid 1750s. An alternative reading is that the dogs actually represent fidelity and companionship. The box is also set with enamel roundels skillfully imitating the hardstone lapis lazuli.\r\n\r\nFrançois-Nicolas Génard was apprenticed to Louis Mailly in 1737 at the age of 14 but at Mailly's death, less than two years later, he moved to Simon Desormeaux. Génard became a master goldsmith in 1754 and was sponsored by Noel Hardivilliers.\r\n\r\nSir Arthur Gilbert and his wife Rosalinde  formed  one of the world’s great decorative art collections, including silver, mosaics, enamelled portrait miniatures and gold boxes.  Arthur Gilbert donated his extraordinary collection to Britain in 1996.","physicalDescription":"An oval gold snuffbox enamelled <i>en plein</i> with six reserves.  The cover is painted with four spaniels, one seated on a red cushion before a dog kennel in an interior hung with yellow fabric; the base with a still life of fruit and wine. Each reserve is bordered by scrolls of ochre and imitation lapis lazuli; the walls with three reserves with dogs and a fourth with a cat seated on a dressing table, with imitation lapis lazuli roundels between, bordered by gold chased with scrolling foliage and surmounted by a band of guilloche enclosed enamelled rosettes and imitation lapis lazuli around the rim of the lid.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Génard, François-Nicolas","id":"A22390"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"x40240"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"},{"text":"enamel","id":"AAT14910"}],"techniques":[{"text":"enamelling","id":"x37485"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Gold, chased and enamelled <i>en plein</i>","categories":[{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Containers","id":"THES48972"},{"text":"Personal accessories","id":"THES48912"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2008BU2723","2008BU2724","2008BU2443","2008BU2442","2008BU2180"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"71","id":"THES49723"},"free":"","case":"CA007","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"snuffbox","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Paris","id":"x29068"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1763-1764","earliest":"1763-01-01","latest":"1764-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"The Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Width","value":"7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"5.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"3.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Measured 01/02/24 IW","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Mark of François-Nicolas Génard, goldsmith registered in Paris, January 26, 1754-1790","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"In the lid, the base, and the right wall"},{"content":"Charge mark of <i>adjudicataire des fermes générales unies</i> Jean-Jacques Prévost, Paris, November 22 1762 - December 22, 1768","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"In the lid, the base, and the right wall"},{"content":"Warden's mark for Paris, July 13, 1763 - July 17, 1764","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"In the lid, the base, and the right wall"},{"content":"Discharge mark of Jean-Jacques Prévost, 1762-68","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"On right side of bezel"},{"content":"Restricted warranty mark for gold, Paris, May 10, 1838, onward","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"On left side of bezel"},{"content":"Tax mark for gold, Netherlands, 1605-53","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"On left side of bezel"}],"objectHistory":"Provenance: \r\nR. Peñard y Fernandez; sale, Palais Galliera, Paris, December 7, 1960, lot 202 (pl. LXX)\r\nArturo Lopez-Willshaw\r\nNeville Hamwee\r\nOrtiz-Patiño Collection; sale, Christie's, London, June 27, 1973 (part I), lot 20\r\nS.J. Phillips, London, 1980","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Gold and enamelled snuffbox with spaniels; François-Nicolas Génard, Paris, 1763-64","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Truman, Charles.<u>The Gilbert collection of gold boxes</u>, Vol. I. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1991, cat. no.19, pp.74-76.  ISBN.0875871623"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Habsburg-Lothringen, Géza von. <u>Gold boxes from the collection of Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert</u>.  R. & A. Gilbert, 1983. 125 p., ill. Cat. no. 44, pp.89-90.  ISBN. 0961039809."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Snowman, A. Kenneth. <u>Eighteenth Century Gold Boxes of Europe</u>, rev. ed., Woodbridge: Antique Collectors’ Club, 1990.  pls. 374-8.  ISBN. 1851490728"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Snowman, A. Kenneth. <u>Eighteenth century gold boxes of Paris: a catalogue of the J. Ortiz-Patiño Collection</u>. London: Robson Books, 1974, no. 34, p. 78 (col. ill.) and p. 79."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Zech, Heike. <u>Gold Boxes. Masterpieces from the Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection. </u>London: V&A Publishing, 2015, pp. 52-53, no. 11.  ISBN 987-1-85177-840-9"},{"reference":{"text":"Watson, Francis J.B., <i>A Thousand Years of Enamel</i>, London: Graphis, 1971.","id":"AUTH347552"},"details":"","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Schroder, Timothy. <i>Gold boxes : from the Gilbert collection : an exhibition</i>, Los Angeles : Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1986","id":"AUTH354598"},"details":"55","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Snowman, Kenneth A., <i>A loan exhibition of eighteenth century gold boxes</i>, London : Wartski, 1990","id":"AUTH355030"},"details":"34","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"<i>British Antique Dealers' Association Golden Jubilee Exhibition</i>, London : The British Antique Dealers' Association, 1968","id":"AUTH355208"},"details":"51","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Minter, Alice et al. <u>Masterpieces in Miniature: Treasures from the Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection. </u>London: V&A Publishing, 2021, p.65. cat.41"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"cat","id":"x30168"},{"text":"spaniel (dog)","id":"x35683"},{"text":"cushions","id":"AAT236073"},{"text":"kennels (animal housing)","id":"AAT4993"},{"text":"swags","id":"AAT204891"},{"text":"still life","id":"x35544"},{"text":"fruit","id":"AAT11868"},{"text":"wine","id":"x42121"},{"text":"bottles","id":"AAT45627"},{"text":"wine glasses","id":"AAT43246"},{"text":"bowls (vessels)","id":"AAT203596"},{"text":"dressing tables","id":"AAT39668"},{"text":"scrolling foliage","id":"AAT165387"},{"text":"rosettes","id":"AAT9972"},{"text":"candles","id":"AAT37654"},{"text":"candlesticks","id":"AAT37588"},{"text":"trees","id":"AAT132410"},{"text":"foliage","id":"x42645"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"4. Snuffbox with dogs and cat\r\n1763–64\r\n\r\nParis, France; mark of François-Nicolas Génard (active 1754–90)\r\nEnamelled gold\r\nFormerly in the Ortiz-Patiño Collection\r\nMuseum no. Loan:Gilbert.323-2008","date":{"text":"16/11/2016","earliest":"2016-11-16","latest":"2016-11-16"}}],"partNumbers":["LOAN:GILBERT.323-2008"],"accessionNumberNum":"323","accessionNumberPrefix":"LOAN:GILBERT","accessionYear":2008,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"The Gilbert Collection, Somerset House","id":"THES50384"},"number":"1996.389"},{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"GB 24"},{"type":{"text":"The Gilbert Collection, Somerset House","id":"THES50384"},"number":"1996.791.1"},{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"MIN 26"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2018LC0893","2019LP8113","2019LV0932","2019LW5325"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-12","recordCreationDate":"2008-07-29","availableToBook":false}}