{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O16155"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O16155/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BF9668/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BF9668/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"low","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006BF9668","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2015HL8233","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017JY0624","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O16155","accessionNumber":"M.47-1919","objectType":"Sculpture","titles":[{"title":"Two bear cubs at play","type":"popular title"}],"summaryDescription":"Representational sculpture of animals and insects had been known in Japan from the middle of the Edo period (1600-1868), when bronze figures had been made for display in the <i>tokonoma</i>, the alcove in a Japanese house where works of art were displayed. These items were produced by traditional armour makers, or by those who made the decorative fittings for swords. \r\n\r\nWith the fall of the Tokugawa Shogunate and the restoration of the Meiji Emperor in 1868 there came a ban in 1876 on the wearing of swords by non-military personnel. This edict resulted in metalworkers seeking new outlets for their traditional crafts. They found a new expression in ornamental works, which they began to produce in considerable numbers for export to the West. \r\n\r\nAnother technique that was used to even greater effect was repoussé work. This method of tooling sheet metal from the back is well demonstrated in this small hammered iron study of two bear cubs at play by Muneyoshi. The technique that usually involved hammering the design over two pitch moulds and then soldering or welding the two halves together with an almost invisible seam has been abandoned for this study. The bears have been hammered from a single piece of iron, carefully worked to produce a sensitively detailed naturalistic study. They were exhibited at the 1910 Anglo-Japanese Exhibition at White City, London. Interestingly, the V&A also has an unfinished, almost unrecognisable, preparatory study for these bears. Muneyoshi claimed lineage from the Myochin family, traditional armour makers since the Muromachi period. \r\n\r\nWriting in 1911, Professor Jiro Harada refers to Muneyoshi as being the ninth of the line, and calls him 'the greatest artist in hammered metalwork that Japan has seen in recent times'. Certainly some of his other works, notably a large study of an eagle now in the Tokyo National Museum, justify this title. There are also descriptions of a sculpture of a pair of lions, over 120 cm in height and hammered from a single piece of iron, which were also exhibited at the Anglo-Japanese exhibition of 1910.","physicalDescription":"Detailed naturalistic group of two bears, hammered from a single piece of iron.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Muneyoshi, Yamada Chozaburo","id":"A2524"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"iron","id":"AAT11002"}],"techniques":[{"text":"hammered","id":"AAT54098"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Hammered iron","categories":[{"text":"ELISE","id":"THES48961"},{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"}],"styles":[{"text":"Meiji period","id":"x36308"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"EAS","id":"THES48596"},"images":["2006BF9668","2015HL8233","2017JY0624"],"imageResolution":"low","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES394793"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Figure","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Japan","id":"x29399"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1909","earliest":"1904-01-01","latest":"1913-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Gift of Dr W.L. Hildburgh FSA","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"19.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"23","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"21","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"0.88","unit":"kg","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'Muneyoshi sei'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"Japanese","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Made by Muneyoshi","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Japanese"}],"objectHistory":"Exhibited at the great Japan-British Exhibition of 1910.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Sculpture, two bear cubs, Muneyoshi, Yamada Chozaburo, Japan, ca. 1909","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"Bear cubs at play\r\n1905-10\r\n\r\nThis sensitively crafted study of two bear cubs was shown at the Japan-British Exhibition held in London in 1910. The bears were hammered with great skill from a single piece of iron. Yamada Chōzaburō claimed to be descended from the Myōchin family of armour makers, whose history went back to the 16th century.\r\n\r\nSigned ‘Made by Muneyoshi’ for Yamada Chōzaburō (1871–1916)\r\nHammered iron \r\nGift of Dr W.L. Hildburgh FSA\r\nMuseum no. M.47-1919\r\n","date":{"text":"04/11/2015","earliest":"2015-11-04","latest":"2015-11-04"}}],"partNumbers":["M.47-1919"],"accessionNumberNum":"47","accessionNumberPrefix":"M","accessionYear":1919,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2018KT1082","2018KT1083"],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-19","recordCreationDate":"1999-12-15","availableToBook":true}}