{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O159009"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O159009/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2017JY0209/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2017JY0209/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2017JY0209","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O159009/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O159009","accessionNumber":"76-1880","objectType":"Relief","titles":[{"title":"Christ brought before Pilate","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"This relief in stucco depicts Christ brought before Pontius Pilate. It is cast from one of the four reliefs executed by Giovanni da Bologna for the church of Santa Maria Novella in Florence.\n\r\nChrist is brought for judgement before Pontius Pilate, governor of Judea. The Catholic church emphasised the importance of historical accuracy and narrative clarity in depictions of religious events, believing that they helped people to understand the reality of Christ’s life and sacrifice.\r\n\r\nBorn in Flanders Giovanni Bologna (1524-1608), or short Giambologna went to Rome to study antique sculpture from about 1550 to 1553. He then travelled through Florence where he was persuaded to stay. He became sculptor to the Medici family and thus became one of the most influential sculptors of the late 16th and early 17th centuries. For half a century Giambologna dominated Florentine sculpture, carving an ever more impressive series of statue groups in marble: Samson Slaying a Philistine (1560–62), Florence Triumphant over Pisa (1563–75), the Rape of a Sabine (1582), Hercules Slaying a Centaur (1595–1600). In addition, Giambologna produced several extraordinary bronze statues. By ca. 1570 Giambologna had become the most influential sculptor in Europe. Apart from the fame that his monumental statues in Florence inevitably brought, his style was disseminated in the form of small bronze reproductions of his masterworks, or statuettes, which he composed independently as elegant ornaments for the interior. These were used by the Medici as diplomatic gifts for friendly heads of state, and were also eagerly purchased by European collectors as examples of sophisticated Florentine design. They were especially favoured in Germany and the Low Countries and were prominently illustrated in paintings of fashionable gallery interiors there. For compositional subtlety, sensuous tactile values and sheer technical virtuosity, Giambologna’s work is virtually unequalled in any period or country.","physicalDescription":"Relief in stucco. Christ brought before Pilate. Painted terracotta colour. The heads of the Jew and soldier to the right and left, and the arm of the latter broken off.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"stucco","id":"AAT14966"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"x30138"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Stucco cast","categories":[{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Reliefs","id":"THES49035"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SCP","id":"THES48600"},"images":["2017JY0209"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES341850"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Relief","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Florence","id":"x28848"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"early 16th century","earliest":"1500-01-01","latest":"1550-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"328-1879","id":"O93139"},"association":"Original"},{"object":{"text":"77-1980","id":"O1090888"},"association":"Ensemble"}],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"0.485","unit":"m","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"0.74","unit":"m","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Acquired in London from the Robinson collection in 1880, together with Mus. no. 77-1880 (both for £2 10s.).","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Relief, stucco cast, Christ brought before Pilate, after Giambologna, Italy (Florence), first half of sixteenth century","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>List of Objects in the Art Division, South Kensington Museum acquired during the Year 1880.</u> London, 1881, p. 6"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"MacLagan, E, and Longhurst, Margaret, H. <u>Catalogue of Italian Sculpture.</u> London: V&A, 1932, p. 147"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Pope-Hennessy, John. <u>Catalogue of Italian Sculpture in the Victoria and Albert Museum.</u> London: Her Majesty's Stationary Office, 1964, p. 475"}],"production":"Cast from one of the four relievos executed by Giovanni da Bologna for the Church of Santa Maria Novella, Florence. [Inventory 1881]\r\n\r\nCast from one of the six bronze panels executed c.1594-8 for the sculptors's monument in the Cappella del Soccorso, in the church of Santissima Annunziata at Florence. [MacLagan and Longhurst 1932]","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Jesus Christ","id":"N1515"},{"text":"Pilate","id":"N255"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["76-1880"],"accessionNumberNum":"76","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1880,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-05","recordCreationDate":"2008-07-14","availableToBook":true}}