{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O158329"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O158329/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2017JY0145/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2017JY0145/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2017JY0145","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O158329/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O158329","accessionNumber":"4235-1858","objectType":"Relief","titles":[{"title":"St. Jerome","type":"generic title"},{"title":"St. Jerome in Penitence","type":"generic title"},{"title":"St. Jerome Before a Crucifix","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"This enamelled terracotta panel relief is probably by the workshop of the Della Robbia made in the first half of the sixteenth century in Italy.\r\n\r\nSt. Jerome is represented in a blue tunic in the foreground of a rocky landscape, kneeling on the left with hands outstretched before a crucifix set in a mound on the right-hand side.\r\n\r\nSt Jerome was a Roman Catholic priest, who is well known for having translated the Vulgate, an early 5th century version of the bible in Latin\r\nIn art he appears often as one of the four Latin doctors of the church (the others being Augustine of Hippo, Ambrose and Pope Gregory I ) and is often represented in the costume of a cardinal.","physicalDescription":"Relief in polychrome enamelled terracotta. St. Jerome is represented in a blue tunic in the foreground of a rocky landscape, kneeling on the left with hands outstretched before a crucifix set in a mound on the right-hand side. In the centre is his porphyry cardinal's hat and behind him to the left is the lion. In the background are (left) a stag before three trees, (upper centre) a man with a dromedary, and (right) a stag before a group of trees. The remainder is coarsely glazed in white, yellow, green, purple, blue, pale blue and brown. The right hand is broken and repaired.","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Della Robbia","id":"A17398"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"x40240"},"note":"probably workshop of"}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"terracotta","id":"AAT10669"}],"techniques":[{"text":"relief","id":"AAT53622"},{"text":"enamelled","id":"x30139"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Relief in polychrome, enamelled terracotta","categories":[{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Sculpture","id":"THES48896"},{"text":"Reliefs","id":"THES49035"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SCP","id":"THES48600"},"images":["2017JY0145"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"001","id":"THES397659"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Relief St Jerome","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Italy","id":"x28927"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"first half of sixteenth century","earliest":"1500-01-01","latest":"1550-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"41.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"34.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Purchased in Paris (vendor not recorded, £ 12,-).\n\nHistorical significance: There is a somewhat similar reflief in the Casa Buonarroti at Florence.\r\nA second, somewhat larger version appeared in 1918 in the Bardini sale in New York (American Art Association, 23-27 April, 1918, No. 370, as Giovanni della Robbia).","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Panel-relief in enamelled terracotta, showing St. Jerome kneeling before a crucifix, probably the workshop of Della Robbia, Italy, first half of 16th century.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Inventory of Art Objects Acquired in the Year 1858. <u>In</u>: <u>Inventory of the Objects in the Art Division of the Museum at South Kensington, Arranged According to the Dates of their Acquisition. Vol I</u>. London: Printed by George E. Eyre and William Spottiswoode for H.M.S.O., 1868, p. 7."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Maclagan, Eric and Longhurst, Margaret H. <u>Catalogue of Italian Sculpture. Text</u>. London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1932, p. 81."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Pope-Hennessy, John. <u>Catalogue of Italian Sculpture in the Victoria and Albert Museum. Volume I: Text. Eighth to Fifteenth Century</u>. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1964, p. 256."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Gentilini, Giancarlo (ed.). <u>I Della Robbia e L'Arte Nuova della Scultura Invetriata</u>, exh. cat.). Fiesole, Basilica di Sant' Alessandro, 1998, p. 292 illustr. as Luca della Robbia 'il giovane' (?)"},{"reference":{"text":"<i>The Rival of Nature : Renaissance painting in its context</i>, London : National Gallery, 1975","id":"AUTH354465"},"details":"161","free":""}],"production":"Florentine","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"St Jerome","id":"N4248"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"landscape","id":"x35496"},{"text":"crucifix","id":"AAT248835"},{"text":"cardinal's hat","id":"x37356"},{"text":"lion","id":"x30150"},{"text":"trees","id":"AAT132410"},{"text":"dromedary","id":"x35854"},{"text":"stag","id":"x30301"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["4235-1858"],"accessionNumberNum":"4235","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1858,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-05-01","recordCreationDate":"2008-07-02","availableToBook":true}}