{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O157974"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O157974/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BU1657/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BU1657/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2008BU1657","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BU1659","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2019MA0594","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O157974/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O157974","accessionNumber":"LOAN:GILBERT.243-2008","objectType":"Miniature","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"During his lifetime, Charles I (ruled 1625-49) was patron of many continental artists, including Jean Petitot. However the reign of Charles was marred by disputes and unrest between the King and Parliament. The civil wars that followed led to the execution of the King in 1649.  \r\n\r\nThe practice of painting portrait miniatures in enamels developed out of the decorative work of goldsmiths and watchmakers in the French cities of Blois, Châteaudun and Paris. Portrait plaques had been made in the enamelling workshops of Limoges in central France during the 16th century, but in the 1630s, Jean Toutin adapted existing techniques to make the subtle colouring and delicate detail of enamel miniatures possible. Small objects like watches or snuffboxes were ideally suited to this technique and many were decorated with portraits and mythological or allegorical scenes. Artists throughout Europe continually refined their approaches to painting enamel portraits. While 17th century enamellers used a very fine stipple to create light and shade in their miniatures, artists in the 18th century began to use larger brushstrokes for a more fluid effect.\r\n\r\nSir Arthur Gilbert and his wife Rosalinde formed one of the world's great decorative art collections, including silver, mosaics, enamelled portrait miniatures and gold boxes.  Arthur Gilbert donated his extraordinary collection to Britain in 1996.","physicalDescription":"Oval bust length portrait miniature of Charles I shown wearing a grey jacket with a white ruff and a blue sash, he has long hair, a moustache and small beard. The miniature is enamel on copper and the frame is ormolu.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Hurter, Johann Heinrich","id":"A22413"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"x40240"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"enamel","id":"AAT14910"},{"text":"copper","id":"AAT11020"},{"text":"ormolu","id":"AAT11048"}],"techniques":[{"text":"framing","id":"AAT240903"},{"text":"enamelling","id":"x37485"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Enamel on copper, ormolu (gilded copper-alloy) frame","categories":[{"text":"Enamels","id":"THES48876"},{"text":"Portraits","id":"THES48906"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2008BU1657","2008BU1659","2019MA0594"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"006","id":"THES412922"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"miniature","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"England","id":"x28826"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1786","earliest":"1786-01-01","latest":"1786-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"The Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"7.83","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"6.42","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"0.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Updated with measurements taken 29/07/08","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Signed, inscribed and dated 'Charles. I. ier Roy / d Angleterre / peint d'apres le Tabl: original / du Chev: van Dyck. au Palais / de Kinsington [sic] par / J.H. Hurter / 1786'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"On the counter enamel"}],"objectHistory":"Provenance: Au Vieux Paris, 03/11/1994.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Enamel miniature on copper of Charles I, in an ormolu frame, England, 1786, by Johann Heinrich Hurter.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Schidlof, Leo R. <u>The Miniature in Europe</u>, Vol. I. Graz: Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, 1964, p. 400."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Coffin, Sarah and Bodo Hofstetter. <u>Portrait Miniatures in Enamel</u>. London: Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd. in association with the Gilbert Collection, 2000. 168 p., ill. Cat. no. 31, p. 79. ISBN 0856675334."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Charles I (King of England)","id":"N731"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"monarch","id":"AAT237007"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"8. Charles I, 1786\r\nMuseum no. Loan:Gilbert.243-2008","date":{"text":"2024","earliest":"2024-01-01","latest":"2024-12-31"}},{"text":"Charles I\r\n1786\r\n\r\nCharles I (1600–49) was patron of many European\r\nartists, including Jean Petitot. Although executed\r\nin 1649, he was by the 18th century considered\r\nan acceptable subject for enamel portraiture.\r\n\r\nEngland; Johann Heinrich Hurter (1734–99),\r\nafter Daniel van Mytens (1590–1647)\r\nand Anthony van Dyck (1599–1641)\r\nEnamel on copper in gilded bronze frame\r\nSigned, inscribed and dated on counter-enamel\r\n‘Charles I. ier Roy. d Angleterre peint d’après le Tabl:\r\noriginal du Chev: van Dyck. au Palais\r\nde Kinsington par J.H. Hurter 1786’\r\nMuseum no. Loan:Gilbert.243-2008","date":{"text":"2009","earliest":"2009-01-01","latest":"2009-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["LOAN:GILBERT.243-2008"],"accessionNumberNum":"243","accessionNumberPrefix":"LOAN:GILBERT","accessionYear":2008,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"The Gilbert Collection, Somerset House","id":"THES50384"},"number":"1996.820.1"},{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"MIN 52"},{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"MM 297"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2018LC0586"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-01-29","recordCreationDate":"2008-06-26","availableToBook":false}}