{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O157945"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O157945/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BU1828/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BU1828/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2008BU1828","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BU1829","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O157945/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O157945","accessionNumber":"LOAN:GILBERT.259-2008","objectType":"Miniature","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"The practice of painting portrait miniatures in enamels developed out of the decorative work of goldsmiths and watchmakers in the French cities of Blois, Châteaudun and Paris. Portrait plaques had been made in the enamelling workshops of Limoges in central France during the 16th century, but in the 1630s, Jean Toutin adapted existing techniques to make the subtle colouring and delicate detail of enamel miniatures possible. Small objects like watches or snuffboxes were ideally suited to this technique and many were decorated with portraits and mythological or allegorical scenes. Artists throughout Europe continually refined their approaches to painting enamel portraits. While 17th century enamellers used a very fine stipple to create light and shade in their miniatures, artists in the 18th century began to use larger brushstrokes for a more fluid effect. The rendering of this figure, with a blue jacket and powdered hair, is typical of Carl Rudolph Hurter's later work. The use of sky as a background is drawn from English miniatures.\r\n\r\nSir Arthur Gilbert and his wife Rosalinde formed one of the world’s great decorative art collections, including silver, mosaics, enamelled portrait miniatures and gold boxes.  Arthur Gilbert donated his extraordinary collection to Britain in 1996.","physicalDescription":"Oval miniature portrait of a man with powdered hair and a blue jacket against a sky background. The miniature is enamel on copper and the frame is a two-colour gold pendant with foliate scrolls on a matte ground.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Hurter, Carl Ralph","id":"A22412"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"x40240"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"enamel","id":"AAT14910"},{"text":"copper","id":"AAT11020"},{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painting (image-making)","id":"AAT54216"},{"text":"framing","id":"AAT240903"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Enamel on copper and two-coloured gold frame","categories":[{"text":"Enamels","id":"THES48876"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Portraits","id":"THES48906"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2008BU1828","2008BU1829"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"71A","id":"THES413997"},"free":"","case":"CA002","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"miniature","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"England","id":"x28826"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1791","earliest":"1791-01-01","latest":"1791-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"The Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"5.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"4.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"0.69","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Measured 29/01/24 IW","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Signed and dated 'C. Hurter pinx- 1791'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"On the counter enamel"}],"objectHistory":"Provenance: Victor and Paula Zuckerkandl, Berlin. Zuckerkandl sale, Wawra, Vienna, no. 82, 7-8th May, 1928. Acquired by Arthur Gilbert from D.S. Lavender, London, 1981.\r\n\r\nViktor Zuckerkandl was an Austrian industrialist who mainly collected 19th-century European art. He was also a patron of Gustav Klimt. After Zuckerkandl's death in 1927, part of his collection was sold at auction in Vienna, like this miniature which went to an unknown buyer. The rest was given to his family, including his sister Amalie. In 1941, she and her daughter Mathilde were deported to Łódź Ghetto, where they were murdered. Amalie's art collection, including paintings she had inherited from Viktor, was seized by the Gestapo (the Nazi Secret State Police).\r\n\nThis object formed part of the V&A's special provenance display 'Concealed Histories: Uncovering the Story of Nazi Looting' (December 2019 - June 2021)\r\n","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Enamel miniature on copper, in a  two-coloured gold frame, England, 1791, by Carl Ralph Huerter.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Schidlof, Leo R. <u>The Miniature in Europe</u>, Vol. I. Graz: Akademische Druck-u. Verlagsanstalt, 1964, p. 387."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Hofstetter, Bodo, 'La miniature sur émail suisse à la fin du XVIIIe siècle'. <u>In</u>: Genoud, Jean-Claude (ed.), <u>100 ans de miniatures suisses 1780-1880</u>. Musée historique de Lausanne; Geneva: Slatkine, 1999, p. 62, fig. 67."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Coffin, Sarah and Bodo Hofstetter. <u>Portrait Miniatures in Enamel</u>. London: Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd. in association with the Gilbert Collection, 2000. 168 p., ill. Cat. no. 28, p. 76. ISBN 0856675334."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"https://web.archive.org/web/20230606004515/https://www.vam.ac.uk/blog/museum-life/concealed-histories-uncovering-the-story-of-nazi-looting"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"male","id":"AAT189559"},{"text":"scrolling foliage","id":"AAT165387"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["LOAN:GILBERT.259-2008"],"accessionNumberNum":"259","accessionNumberPrefix":"LOAN:GILBERT","accessionYear":2008,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"The Gilbert Collection, Somerset House","id":"THES50384"},"number":"1996.793.1"},{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"MIN 28"},{"type":{"text":"The Gilbert Collection, Somerset House","id":"THES50384"},"number":"1996.791.1"},{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"MIN 26"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2018LC0614"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-01-27","recordCreationDate":"2008-06-26","availableToBook":false}}