{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O157885"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O157885/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009CC6632/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009CC6632/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2009CC6632","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009CC6471","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009CC6454","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O157885/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O157885","accessionNumber":"LOAN:GILBERT.526:1 to 3-2008","objectType":"Standing salt","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"In England the relative value of salt and the necessity for its use from the Middle Ages gave this commodity a place of honour at the table. The container used to hold it, the standing salt, thus gained social importance as well as providing a practical function. The standing salt was placed upon the table as a decorative centre piece. The surface of this particular example is decorated with stamped, chased and embossed decoration. It is surmounted by a warrior figure that holds a spear and a shield.\r\n\r\nFor those who could afford such a luxury, salt cellars (often referred to as salts) were the most common household item after spoons and cups. These salts also carried symbolic meaning, and royal goldsmiths' accounts show that they were purchased as christening gifts for the children of courtiers. The inclusion of salts in lists of heirloom plate also demonstrates that these were considered to be of relative personal significance.\r\n\r\nSir Arthur Gilbert and his wife Rosalinde formed one of the world's great decorative art collections, including silver, mosaics, enamelled portrait miniatures and gold boxes.  Arthur Gilbert donated his extraordinary collection to Britain in 1996.","physicalDescription":"A cylindrical standing salt with a domed foot and a reversed domed section at the top of the body. The foot is stamped with bands of ovolo ornament and dentils around its border; the domed section is embossed with three masks, strapwork and sprays of fruit. The body has been chased in a similar manner between raised ornamental bands and stamped circles. The reversed domed section to the top of the body is embossed with fluting, flowers and panels of raised beading. The saltcellar is plain but has been engraved with fruit and strapwork. The domed cover has a similarly engraved border and a wide flange that has been stamped with egg-and-dart ornament. This is embossed in the same manner as the foot and has a finial with three applied S-scroll brackets, surmounted by the figure of a warrior holding a spear and shield.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"silver-gilt","id":"x37998"}],"techniques":[{"text":"gilding","id":"AAT53789"},{"text":"embossing","id":"AAT53826"},{"text":"chasing","id":"AAT54016"},{"text":"stamping (marking)","id":"AAT239001"},{"text":"engraving (incising)","id":"AAT53829"},{"text":"raising","id":"AAT237068"},{"text":"casting","id":"AAT53104"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Silver-gilt with stamped, chased and embossed ornament","categories":[{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Food vessels & Tableware","id":"THES48952"},{"text":"Containers","id":"THES48972"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2009CC6632","2009CC6471","2009CC6454"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"72A","id":"THES413998"},"free":"","case":"CA008","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"72A","id":"THES413998"},"free":"","case":"CA008","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"72A","id":"THES413998"},"free":"","case":"CA008","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"body","id":""}],[{"text":"cover","id":""}],[{"text":"standing salt","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"London","id":"x28980"},"association":{"text":"hallmarked","id":"x32454"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1572-1573","earliest":"1572-05-19","latest":"1573-05-18"},"association":{"text":"hallmarked","id":"x32454"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"The Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"26.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"10","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"500","unit":"g","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Measured 25/04/24 IW ","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"London hallmarks for 1572-3","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Inside the saltcellar and on the flange of the cover"},{"content":"Mark unidentified, possibly an eagle","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Inside the saltcellar and on the flange of the cover"},{"content":"Sterling standard","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Inside the saltcellar and on the flange of the cover"}],"objectHistory":"Provenance\r\nAcquired by Arthur Gilbert from S.J. Phillips Ltd, London, 1982","historicalContext":"In England the standing salt fulfilled a social and a practical function. The necessity for salt from the Middle Ages meant that it demanded a place at the dining table. The rarity of the commodity resulted in its container gaining social importance and being of a size much larger than actually needed for the salt it contained. This particular salt is known as a drum salt and appeared during the middle of the 16th century, along with the sqaure-section pedestal salt. By the end of the 16th century, the bell salt was far more popular. Nevertheless, the standing salt prevailed in traditional institutions, such as Oxford and Cambridge colleges and London livery guilds, where the ceremonial function of dining continued.","briefDescription":"Silver-gilt standing salt, London hallmarks for 1572-3","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Schroder, Timothy. 'Early English silver rarities'. <u>The Antique Collector</u>.  June 1986, vol. 57, no. 6, pp.114-21."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Schroder, Timothy. <u>The Gilbert collection of gold and silver</u>, Los Angeles (Los Angeles County Museum of Art) 1988, cat. no. 8, pp. 57-9.  ISBN.0875871445"}],"production":"Maker's mark possibly an eagle","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"dentils","id":"AAT1806"},{"text":"ovolo moldings","id":"AAT3543"},{"text":"masks (design elements)","id":"x30275"},{"text":"strapwork","id":"AAT10200"},{"text":"fluting","id":"AAT10233"},{"text":"beading (edging pattern)","id":"AAT54013"},{"text":"egg and dart moldings","id":"AAT3469"},{"text":"Warrior","id":"x32435"},{"text":"spears (weapons)","id":"AAT37038"},{"text":"shields (armor)","id":"AAT36869"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"(Gallery 70, case 1)\r\n15. Standing salt, 1572–73\r\nLondon, England; maker’s mark possibly an eagle\r\nGilded silver\r\nMuseum no. Loan:Gilbert.526:1 to 3-2008","date":{"text":"16/11/2016 -2024","earliest":"2016-11-16","latest":"2024-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["LOAN:GILBERT.526:1-2008","LOAN:GILBERT.526:2-2008","LOAN:GILBERT.526:3-2008"],"accessionNumberNum":"526","accessionNumberPrefix":"LOAN:GILBERT","accessionYear":2008,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"SG 134"},{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"GB 215"},{"type":{"text":"The Gilbert Collection, Somerset House","id":"THES50384"},"number":"1998.17"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","body","cover","standing salt"],"assets":["2018LC1715","2019LR3051","2019LP6668","2019LP5827","2019LU9953","2019LU4841","2019LT9873","2019LT8162","2019LV1077","2019LX0248"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-02-04","recordCreationDate":"2008-06-26","availableToBook":false}}