{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O157747"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O157747/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BW3940/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BW3940/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2008BW3940","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BW3960","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BW3976","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BW3949","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2018KR9578","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O157747/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O157747","accessionNumber":"LOAN:GILBERT.194:1, 2-2008","objectType":"Plaque","titles":[{"title":"The Capitoline Doves","type":"popular title"}],"summaryDescription":"These doves, known as the <i>Capitoline Doves</i> or <i>Doves of Pliny</i>, appear frequently as the subject of micromosaics.  The image comes from a Roman floor mosaic discovered in 1737 at Hadrian's Villa in Tivoli, which in turn is believed to be a copy of a lost ancient Greek mosaic at Pergamon.  The original is described by Pliny the Elder in his Natural History, completed in 77AD. \r\n\r\nThe term 'micromosaic' is used to describe mosaics made of the smallest glass pieces. Some micromosaics contain more than 5000 pieces per square inch. The earliest attempts at micromosaic revealed visible joins between the pieces (known as tesserae) and a lack of perspective. Later artists such as Antonio Aguatti made huge advances in micromosaic technique, resulting in renderings that were truer to life. Glass micromosaic technique developed in the 18th century, in the Vatican Mosaic Workshop in Rome, where they still undertake restoration work today. \r\n\r\nSir Arthur Gilbert and his wife Rosalinde formed one of the world's great decorative art collections, including silver, mosaics, enamelled portrait miniatures and gold boxes.  Arthur Gilbert donated his extraordinary collection to Britain in 1996.","physicalDescription":"Circular plaque with a cnetral image of four doves, the Capitoline doves or the Doves of Pliny, seated on the edge pf a two-handled gold basin of water which rests on a square plinth on a flat surface below a black background. Signed on the reverse by the artist and surrounded by a gold frame.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Raffaelli, Giacomo","id":"A22473"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"mosaic glass","id":"AAT260731"},{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"}],"techniques":[{"text":"micromosaic","id":"x42499"},{"text":"framing","id":"AAT240903"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Micromosaic and gold frame","categories":[{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Plaques & Plaquettes","id":"THES49031"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2008BW3940","2008BW3960","2008BW3976","2008BW3949","2018KR9578"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"72","id":"THES49722"},"free":"","case":"CA001","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"001","id":"THES402528"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"plaque","id":""}],[{"text":"frame","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Rome","id":"x29106"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1801","earliest":"1801-01-01","latest":"1801-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"The Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"7.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"moasic","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"8.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"frame","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Measured by Issy Warnham 20/12/23","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Provenance: J. Kugel, Paris, 1974.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Circular miniature micromosaic depicting the Capitoline Doves, Rome. Giacamo Raffaelli, 1801.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Wilson, J. 'Collecting Mosaics Piece by Piece'. <u>Realities</u>, 1980, no. 11."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Gonzalez-Palacios, Alvar and Steffi Röttgen with essays by Steffi Röttgen, Claudia Przyborowski; essays and new catalogue material translated by Alla Theodora Hall. <u>The Art of Mosaics: Selections from the Gilbert Collection</u>. Los Angeles (Los Angeles County Museum of Art) 1982. 224 p., ill. Cat. no. 28. ISBN 0875871097"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Fields, Mary Durland. 'The Phantom Art of Micromosaics'. <u>Miniature Collector</u>, October 1983, no. 39, ill. p. 47."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Ravel, Emilio. 'The Traditional Art of Mosaics'. <u>Ulisse 2000</u>, October/November 1986, Anno VI,  no. 23, p. 105."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"basin","id":"AAT45614"},{"text":"water","id":"AAT11772"},{"text":"doves","id":"x30126"},{"text":"","id":""}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"7. Plaque with Doves of Pliny\r\n1801\r\n\r\nRome, Italy; signed and dated by Giacomo Raffaelli (1753–1836)\r\nGlass micromosaic\r\nMuseum no. Loan:Gilbert.194:1-2008","date":{"text":"16/11/2016","earliest":"2016-11-16","latest":"2016-11-16"}}],"partNumbers":["LOAN:GILBERT.194:1-2008","LOAN:GILBERT.194:2-2008"],"accessionNumberNum":"194","accessionNumberPrefix":"LOAN:GILBERT","accessionYear":2008,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"MM 162"},{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"MM 2"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","plaque","frame"],"assets":["2024NW1870","2018LC0543","2019LM5846","2019LP1822","2019LX0122","2019LV9479"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-04-23","recordCreationDate":"2008-06-26","availableToBook":false}}