{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O157685"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O157685/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009CC6190/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009CC6190/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2009CC6190","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O157685/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O157685","accessionNumber":"LOAN:GILBERT.125:1-2008","objectType":"Micromosaic","titles":[{"title":"The Pantheon","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"Micromosaics have their roots in the larger mosaics of ancient Rome used to decorate their walls and floors. The first micromosaics were created in the 18th century, but it was not until Arthur Gilbert himself became interested in collecting them and invented the term 'micromosaics' that they became known as such. The tesserae are minute pieces cut from thin pieces of glass known as smalti filati, and some of the finest micomosaics can consist of as many as 5,000 tesserae per square inch (ca. 3 by 3cm). By the late 18th century Rome had become central to the production of micromosaics and sold them as souvenirs to wealthy foreigners visiting the city. From small elegant snuffboxes to large monumental tabletops, micromosaics could be used to decorate objects of all shapes and sizes. They could even be made to resemble full-sized canvas paintings, and indeed Arthur Gilbert himself mistook his very first micromosaic for a painting. When he brought it home to show his wife, he had to convince her that it was not in fact a cracked painting, as she supposed, but a mosaic.\r\n\r\nSir Arthur Gilbert and his wife Rosalinde formed one of the world's great decorative art collections, including silver, mosaics, enamelled portrait miniatures and gold boxes. Arthur Gilbert donated his extraordinary collection to Britain in 1996.","physicalDescription":"Rectangular micromosaic picture of the Pantheon in Rome. In the left foreground is a fountain supporting an obelisk surmounted by a cross. A variety of figures and vehicles are distributed throughout the scene. The mosaic is in a plain gold frame.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Moglia, Luigi","id":"A22450"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":"probably"}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"mosaic glass","id":"AAT260731"},{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"}],"techniques":[{"text":"micromosaic","id":"x42499"},{"text":"framing","id":"AAT240903"},{"text":"oil gilding","id":"AAT230058"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Micromosaic, within a gilded, moulded wooden frame","categories":[{"text":"Mosaic","id":"THES253095"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2009CC6190"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES344542"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""},{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES344542"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"micromosaic","id":"x42499"}],[{"text":"frame","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""},{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Rome","id":"x29106"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1850","earliest":"1845-01-01","latest":"1854-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"The Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"45.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"55.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"57","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Of Frame","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"67.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Of Frame","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Of Frame","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Provenance: Piero di Nepi, Rome, 1969.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Italian mosaic of Pantheon, Rome, attributed to Luigi Moglia, 1850.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>The Great Exhibition of the Works of Industry of all Nations</u>. Exhibition catalogue Crystal Palace. London 1851, p. 1287, cat. no. 44."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Sherman, Anthony C. <u>The Gilbert Mosaic Collection</u>. Edited by M. Barbara Scheibel. West Haven, Connecticut: Pendulum Press, 1971,  pl. XIII.."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Avery, Charles, assisted by Arthur Emperatori. <u>Mosaics from the Gilbert Collection: summary catalogue</u>. Exhibition catalogue Victoria & Albert Museum. London: H.M.S.O. 1975, cat. no. 10."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Gonzalez-Palacios, Alvar. <u>The Art of Mosaics: Selections from the Gilbert Collection</u>, Los Angeles (Los Angeles County Museum of Art) 1977. 143 p., ill. Cat. no. 82. ISBN 0875870805."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Gonzalez-Palacios, Alvar and Steffi Röttgen with essays by Steffi Röttgen, Claudia Przyborowski; essays and new catalogue material translated by Alla Theodora Hall. <u>The Art of Mosaics: Selections from the Gilbert Collection</u>. Los Angeles (Los Angeles County Museum of Art) 1982. 224 p., ill. Cat. no. 89. ISBN 0875871097"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Italian Art and Antiques</u>, 1996, p. 56."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Gabriel, Jeanette Hanisee with contributions by Anna Maria Massinelli and essays by Judy Rudoe and Massimo Alfieri. <u>Micromosaics: The Gilbert Collection</u>. London: Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd. in association with The Gilbert Collection, 2000. 310 p., ill. Cat. no. 55, p. 113. ISBN 0856675113."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Pantheon","id":"N15488"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"obelisk","id":"AAT7021"},{"text":"Cross","id":"x31528"},{"text":"figures (representations)","id":"AAT189808"},{"text":"vehicles","id":"AAT219258"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["LOAN:GILBERT.125:1-2008","LOAN:GILBERT.125:2-2008"],"accessionNumberNum":"125","accessionNumberPrefix":"LOAN:GILBERT","accessionYear":2008,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"MM 32B"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE","picture","frame"],"assets":["2019MF3197"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-02-11","recordCreationDate":"2008-06-26","availableToBook":false}}