{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O156585"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O156585/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009BX1077/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009BX1077/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2009BX1077","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009BX1076","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009BX1075","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009BX1074","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009BX1073","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009BX1072","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O156585/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O156585","accessionNumber":"LOAN:GILBERT.93-2008","objectType":"Chalice","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Chalices like this were used to hold the consecrated sacramental wine during the Orthodox Eucharist. This ceremony is central to all denominations of Christian faith. It is held to commemorate the Last Supper, the meal taken by Christ and his disciples on the day before the crucifixion. It is described as a simple meal during which Christ bestowed symbolic significance on the bread and wine. The ritual taking of bread and wine is therefore central to Christian faith. In the Orthodox Church every communicant receives wine and bread offered in relatively large chalices such as this one.\r\n\r\nThe decoration of the chalice follows the Orthodox tradition and includes quotes from the Gospels and pictures relating to the Passion of Christ. In addition to its complex religious symbolic and importance as liturgical silver, the chalice is also a fine example of Russian goldsmithing of the early 17th century.\r\n\r\nThis chalice is on loan to the Victoria & Albert Museum as part of the Gilbert Collection. Sir Arthur Gilbert and his wife Rosalinde formed one of the world's great decorative art collections, including silver, mosaics, enamelled portrait miniatures and gold boxes. Arthur Gilbert donated his extraordinary collection to Britain in 1996.","physicalDescription":"Large chalice on domed circular foot, faceted baluster stem and rounded bowl with curved rim; the top rim engraved with inscription; the bowl applied with chased cagework of flowers, enamelled cherubim and scrolling foliage and decorated with six gold and enamel plaques depicting the Crucifixion, Christ, the Virgin Mary, Saint John the Baptist, and the archangels Michael and Gabriel, and four of originally six inscribed cartouches; the facets of the baluster stem applied with enamelled cherubim plaques; the upper part of the foot applied with six gold and enamel plaques depicting scenes from the Passion of Christ, the lower part of the foot chased with cherubim alternativing with three cartouches with engraved inscriptions","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Kremlin Workshops","id":"AUTH392828"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"silver","id":"AAT11029"},{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"},{"text":"glass","id":"AAT10797"},{"text":"enamel","id":"AAT14910"}],"techniques":[{"text":"raising","id":"AAT237068"},{"text":"chasing","id":"AAT54016"},{"text":"enamelling","id":"x37485"},{"text":"engraving","id":"AAT53829"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Raised, chased silver and silver-gilt with applied gold and polychrome enamel plaques and reliefs","categories":[{"text":"Containers","id":"THES48972"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2009BX1077","2009BX1076","2009BX1075","2009BX1074","2009BX1073","2009BX1072"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"72A","id":"THES413998"},"free":"","case":"CA011","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"chalice","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Moscow","id":"x32457"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"prob."}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1702","earliest":"1702-01-01","latest":"1702-12-31"},"association":{"text":"dated","id":"AAT54714"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"The Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"40","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"20.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"2400","unit":"g","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"To glorify [the] Lord the Saviour [and] to adorn, this vessel was made in honour of the pure Virgin Mother of God to preserve the [donor's] wellbeing.  In the year of the world seven thousand two hundred ten it was necessary to bring [the chalice] to the [the chalice] to the Cathedral so that those who participate in Christ's Mystery of flesh and blood will receive eternal salvation. In the year after Christ's birth 1702.\r\nThe Right Reverend Sampson, Metropolitan of Astrakhan and Tersk, decrees that it be used and that whoever in the future shall hold the Mystery at the altar will follow the Church.","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Original inscription in Old Church Slavonic on three panels of engraved inscriptions on the rim of the base"},{"content":"","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Obey the Church; all [must] have faith in Christ\r\n[....]\r\nThis cup is our salvation; in it dwells Christ in our life","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Original inscription in Old Church Slavonic on enamel cartouches on the bowl of the chalice. Only four of the six cartouches remain, so that the inscription is only partly known."},{"content":"","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise him up at the last day. For my flesh is food indeed, and my blood is drink indeed. He who eats my flesh and drinks my blood abides in me, and I in him.","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"John 6:54-56\r\nOriginal inscription in Old Church Slavonic engraved on the lip of the bowl"},{"content":"","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Come, O blessed of my Father, inherit the Kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the World.","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Matthew 25:34.\r\nOriginaly inscription in Old Church Slavonic on open book in left hand of blessing figure of Christ on one of the plaques around bowl of the chalice."}],"objectHistory":"The chalice is unmarked but can be attributed to the Kremlin workshops because of its strong similarities to a several late 17th century chalices with well-documented provenance from these workshops.\r\n\r\n<i>That the Gilbert chalice was commissioned by Sampson for the cathedral [The Cathedral of the Dormition of the Mother of God] is highly likely, given the information provided by the cartouche inscriptions. The date 1702 marks what would have been the busiest stage in the planning of the cathedral, which is thought to have been conceived around 1698. Certainly this was a period in which Sampson must have turned his attention to the embellishment of his new church with splendid ritual implements. Also, although Astrakhan had a number of churches, none was as large or rich as the cathedral, nor were there any others dedicated to the 'pure Virgin Mother of God'.</i>\r\n( Alla Theodora Hall, in: T. Schroder, 1988, p. 569)\r\r\r\nProvenance: According to inscription donated by Sampson, Metropolitan of Astrakhan and Tersk,  probably to the Cathedral of the Dormition of the Mother of God, Astrakhan; George  R. Hann; Sale, Christie's, New York, lot 136, April 17-18, 1980.","historicalContext":"The inscription on the foot of the chalice identifies Sampson, Metropolitan of Astrakhan and Tersk, as donor of the chalice. He occupied this post from 1697 until 1714.","briefDescription":"Silver, silver-gilt, gold and enamel chalice standing on a spreading circular foot.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Rice, Tamara Talbot. <u>A Concise History of Russian Art</u>. London: Thames and Hudson 1963. P. 153, ill. 130"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Schroder, Timothy. <u>The Gilbert collection of gold and silver</u>. Los Angeles (Los Angeles County Museum of Art) 1988, cat. no. 154, pp. 566-572. ISBN.0875871445"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Snodin, Michael and Nigel Llewellyn, eds. <u>Baroque 1620-1800:  Style in the Age of Magnificence.</u> Exhibition catalogue London, Victoria & Albert Museum. London: V&A publishing 2009, p. 189."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Medlam, Sarah and Lesley Ellis Miller, eds. <u>Princely Treasures. European Masterpieces 1600 - 1800 from the Victoria and Albert Museum</u>. London: V&A Publishing, 2011. ISBN 9781851776337. Pp. 80-81."}],"production":"Attribution by T. Schroder based upon stylistic comparison with cups with documentated origin from the Kremlin workshops.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Jesus Christ","id":"N1515"},{"text":"Virgin Mary","id":"N480"},{"text":"St. John the Baptist","id":"N827"},{"text":"Michael (Archangel)","id":"N899"},{"text":"Gabriel (Archangel)","id":"N491"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[{"text":"Crucifixion","id":"V405"},{"text":"Resurrection","id":"V116"},{"text":"Christ on the Mount of Olives","id":"V885"},{"text":"Mocking of Christ, The","id":"V117"},{"text":"The Flagellation","id":"V669"},{"text":"Christ carries the Cross","id":"V105"},{"text":"The Entombment of Christ","id":"V656"},{"text":"Resurrection","id":"V116"}],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"angels","id":"x30526"},{"text":"cherubim","id":"x35266"},{"text":"scrolling foliage","id":"AAT165387"},{"text":"flowers","id":"x35571"}],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"religion (concept)","id":"x37580"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"AAT73711"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":["Bible"],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["LOAN:GILBERT.93-2008"],"accessionNumberNum":"93","accessionNumberPrefix":"LOAN:GILBERT","accessionYear":2008,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"SG 111"},{"type":{"text":"The Gilbert Collection, Somerset House","id":"THES50384"},"number":"1996.57"},{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"SG 189"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2024NW7518","2019LN1715","2019LT9219","2019LV2833"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-12","recordCreationDate":"2008-06-18","availableToBook":false}}