{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O156568"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O156568/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BU1846/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BU1846/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2008BU1846","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BU1864","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BU1854","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O156568/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O156568","accessionNumber":"LOAN:GILBERT.437-2008","objectType":"Snuffbox","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Few nineteenth-century snuffboxes from the Grand Ducal workshops are documented today and of those in public museums, almost all belong to the Gilbert Collection.\r\n\r\nThe military trophies depicted on this box were probably designed by Giovan Battista Giorgi, who was appointed painter-designer to the Opificio delle Pietre Dure) in 1815. A document from 1822 in the archives of the Opificio describes a snuffbox similar to this one and discusses the costs associated with the manufacture of the panels (Giusti, 1992). \r\n\r\n\r\nHardstone mosaic techniques (commessi di pietre dure) emerged in Florence, where Ferdinand de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, founded the Grand Ducal workshop in 1588. It still operates today under the Italian Ministry for Cultural Heritage as the Opificio delle Pietre Dure.\r\n\r\nSir Arthur Gilbert and his wife Rosalinde formed one of the world's great decorative art collections, including silver, mosaics, enamelled portrait miniatures and gold boxes.  Arthur Gilbert donated his extraordinary collection to Britain in 1996.\r\n","physicalDescription":"Rectangular varicoloured gold and hardstone snuffbox, comprising six panels of lapis lazuli set in cagework gold mounts, the lid with a mosaic (commesso) of hardstones including calcedonio di Volterra, depicting a military trophy, the cagework mounts chased with foliage and ribbons.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":"box"}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Opificio delle Pietre Dure","id":"A22274"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":"mosaic"}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"hardstone","id":"x37572"},{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"},{"text":"lapis lazuli","id":"AAT11122"}],"techniques":[{"text":"pietre dure","id":"AAT53615"},{"text":"chasing","id":"AAT54016"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Hardstones (pietre dure), lapis lazuli, varicoloured chased gold","categories":[{"text":"Personal accessories","id":"THES48912"},{"text":"Containers","id":"THES48972"},{"text":"Mosaic","id":"THES253095"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2008BU1846","2008BU1864","2008BU1854"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"71","id":"THES49723"},"free":"","case":"CA012","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"snuffbox","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Florence","id":"x28848"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""},{"place":{"text":"Florence","id":"x28848"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"box, probably"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1822","earliest":"1817-01-01","latest":"1826-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"The Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Depth","value":"53","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"20/9/22","earliest":"2022-09-20","latest":"2022-09-20"},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"85","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"20/9/22","earliest":"2022-09-20","latest":"2022-09-20"},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"22","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"20/9/22","earliest":"2022-09-20","latest":"2022-09-20"},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"200","unit":"g","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"20/9/22","earliest":"2022-09-20","latest":"2022-09-20"},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Provenance: J. Kugel, Paris, 1994.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Hardstone and gold snuffbox, the lid with a hardstone mosaic (commesso di pietre dure) depicting a military trophy","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Giusti, Anna Maria. <u>Pietre Dure: L'arte europea del mosaico negli arredi e nelle decorazioni dal 1500 al 1800</u>. Turin: Allemandi, 1992, p. 123, no. 133, p. 260, pl. 66."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Massinelli, Anna Maria with contributions by Jeanette Hanisee Gabriel. <u>Hardstones: The Gilbert Collection</u>. London: Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd. in association with The Gilbert Collection, 2000. 329 p., ill. Cat. no. 64, p. 155. ISBN 0856675105."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Giusti, Anna. <u>Pietre Dure and the Art of Florentine Inlay</u>.  London: Thames & Hudson, 2006, pp. 214-216, pl. 175."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Truman, Charles. <u>The Gilbert collection of gold boxes</u>, volume II.  Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1999, cat. no. 63, p. 99."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Koeppe, Wolfram and Annamaria Giusti.with contributions by Cristina Acidini ... [et al.] ; edited by Wolfram Koeppe.  <u>Art of the Royal Court. Treasures in Pietre Dure from the Palaces of Europe.</u>. New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art ; New Haven ; London : Yale University Press, c2008. P. 316, cat. no. 124."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Alice Minter, <i>The Art of Stone: Masterpieces from the Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection</i>, with contributions by Sophie Morris and Rosie Mills (London: V&amp;A Publishing, 2023), cat. 15, pp.54-55. ISBN 9781838510411\r\n"}],"production":"Box: probably Florence.  Mosaic: Florence, Opificio delle Pietre Dure","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"trophies","id":"x43140"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"5. Snuffbox with helmet and shield\r\nAbout 1822\r\n\r\nThe military trophies were probably designed by Giovan Battista Giorgi, who was appointed painter-designer to the Grand Ducal Workshop in 1815.\r\n\r\nBox: probably Florence, Italy\r\nMosaic: Florence, Italy; Grand Ducal Workshop (Opificio delle Pietre Dure)\r\nLapis lazuli, pietre dure, pietre tenere (hard and soft stone mosaic) and gold\r\nMuseum no. Loan:Gilbert.437-2008","date":{"text":"16/11/2016","earliest":"2016-11-16","latest":"2016-11-16"}},{"text":"Snuffbox with helmet and shield\r\nAbout 1822\r\nThe military trophies were probably designed by Giovan Battista Giorgi, who was appointed painter-designer to the Opificio in 1815. A document of 1822 in the archives\r\nof the Grand Ducal Workshop describes a snuffbox similar to this one and discusses the costs associated with its making.\r\nBox: probably Florence, Italy\r\nMosaic: Florence, Italy; Grand Ducal Workshop\r\n(Opificio delle Pietre Dure)\r\nLapis lazuli, pietre dure, pietre tenere (hard and soft stone mosaic) and gold\r\nMuseum no. Loan:Gilbert.437-2008","date":{"text":"2009","earliest":"2009-01-01","latest":"2009-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["LOAN:GILBERT.437-2008"],"accessionNumberNum":"437","accessionNumberPrefix":"LOAN:GILBERT","accessionYear":2008,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"GB 183"},{"type":{"text":"The Gilbert Collection, Somerset House","id":"THES50384"},"number":"1996.531"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2018LC1379","2019LR0924","2019LT6153","2019LW7396","2023NL0563","2023NL0564","2023NL0565"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-12","recordCreationDate":"2008-06-19","availableToBook":false}}