{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O156479"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O156479/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BU1987/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BU1987/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2008BU1987","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BU2095","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BU2010","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BU2009","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2016JJ5782","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O156479/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O156479","accessionNumber":"LOAN:GILBERT.392-2008","objectType":"Snuffbox","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This snuffbox is typical of northern European production, yet its maker and origins remain partly an enigma. Norbertus Heylbrouck was an engraver who became Master of the Royal Mint in Bruges. In 1735, Norbertus was condemned to death for counterfeiting, but he was later granted a reprieve. He returned to Bruges in 1749, where he continued as Master of the Royal Mint. \n\nNorbertus seems to have developed a large commercial network of box-makers to whom he supplied engraved mother-of-pearl plaques, like this. The few snuffboxes recorded with his plaques are from Ghent, Amsterdam, London and Bruges. In Bruges, Heylbrouck and two associates ran a <i>commerce de tableaux et de curiositiés, </i>a business dealing in paintings and curiosities, which might have sold some of his work.\n\r\nSir Arthur Gilbert and his wife Rosalinde formed one of the world's great decorative art collections, including silver, mosaics, enamelled portrait miniatures and gold boxes.  Arthur Gilbert donated his extraordinary collection to Britain in 1996.","physicalDescription":"A circular, gold mounted mother of pearl snuffbox comprising eight panels of mother of pearl. The cover is engraved with Justice choosing Minerva, and the base with a naval battle.  The interior of the lid is painted with a battle scene in oils under glass.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Heylbrouck, Norbert","id":"A25843"},"association":{"text":"engraver","id":"x30813"},"note":""},{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"box maker","id":"x40982"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"mother of pearl","id":"AAT11835"},{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"},{"text":"glass","id":"AAT10797"},{"text":"oil paint","id":"AAT15050"},{"text":"vellum","id":"x42751"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painting","id":"AAT54216"},{"text":"engraving","id":"AAT53829"},{"text":"glazing","id":"AAT53676"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Engraved mother of pearl, gold, glazed miniature","categories":[{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Containers","id":"THES48972"},{"text":"Personal accessories","id":"THES48912"},{"text":"Myths & Legends","id":"THES49005"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2008BU1987","2008BU2095","2008BU2010","2008BU2009","2016JJ5782"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"71","id":"THES49723"},"free":"","case":"CA009","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"snuffbox","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Flanders","id":"x36939"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""},{"place":{"text":"Brussels","id":"x31976"},"association":{"text":"engraved","id":"AAT53829"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1750","earliest":"1745-01-01","latest":"1754-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""},{"date":{"text":"ca. 1750","earliest":"1745-01-01","latest":"1754-12-31"},"association":{"text":"engraved","id":"AAT53829"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"The Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"9.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"2.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Measured 19/02/24 IW ","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Import mark, Belgium, 1831-1869","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"On the bezel"},{"content":"Engraved 'N. Heylbrouck Fecit'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"On the cover"}],"objectHistory":"Provenance: Sotheby's, Geneva, lot.27, May 6, 1881.  S. J. Phillips, London, 1983.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Snuffbox depicting Justice choosing Minerva.  Mother-of-pearl, gold, glazed miniature. Engraving: Norbert Heylbrouk the Elder, Flanders, ca. 1750","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Truman, Charles.<u>The Gilbert collection of gold boxes</u>, Vol. I. Los Angeles (Los Angeles County Museum of Art) 1991, cat. no. 139, pp. 402-5.  ISBN.0875871623"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Minter, Alice et al.<u> Masterpieces in Miniature: Treasures from the Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection. </u>London: V&A Publishing, 2021, p.70, cat.47"}],"production":"The battle scene in the interior of the lid is after a painting by Georg\r\nPhilipp Rugendas (1666–1742).","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Justice","id":"N4024"},{"text":"Minerva","id":"N23"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"sea battle","id":"x42012"},{"text":"battles","id":"AAT185692"},{"text":"naval ships","id":"AAT232810"},{"text":"sailing ships","id":"AAT125446"},{"text":"gods, Roman","id":"x31428"},{"text":"horses","id":"x34864"},{"text":"cavalries","id":"AAT212659"}],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"mythology","id":"AAT55985"},{"text":"military event","id":"x40300"},{"text":"victory","id":"x35224"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"FLANDERS\r\n2. Snuffbox with Justice choosing Minerva, about 1750\r\n\r\nMuseum no. Loan:Gilbert.392-2008","date":{"text":"16/11/2016","earliest":"2016-11-16","latest":"2016-11-16"}},{"text":"Snuffbox with Justice choosing Minerva\r\nAbout 1750\r\n\r\nThe engraver Norbert Heylbrouck specialised in making\r\nmedals. He was sentenced to death in 1731 for making\r\ncounterfeit coins, but was later granted a reprieve.\r\nMinerva was the Roman goddess of justice. On the base\r\nHeylbrouck has engraved a naval battle. The engraving\r\nis complemented by a miniature oil painting inside the\r\nlid, which is a copy of a battle scene painted by Georg\r\nPhilipp Rugendas (1666–1742).\r\n\r\nFlanders (Belgium);\r\nengraved by Norbert Heylbrouk the Elder (died 1762)\r\nEngraved mother-of-pearl, gold and glazed miniature in oils\r\nMuseum no. Loan:Gilbert.392-2008","date":{"text":"2009","earliest":"2009-01-01","latest":"2009-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["LOAN:GILBERT.392-2008"],"accessionNumberNum":"392","accessionNumberPrefix":"LOAN:GILBERT","accessionYear":2008,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"GB 64"},{"type":{"text":"The Gilbert Collection, Somerset House","id":"THES50384"},"number":"1996.421"},{"type":{"text":"The Gilbert Collection, Somerset House","id":"THES50384"},"number":"1996.791.1"},{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"MIN 26"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2025PD5377","2018LC1277","2019LN8468","2019LP8775","2019LP4430","2019LU8513","2019LV0904","2019LW4541","2019LW2995"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-18","recordCreationDate":"2008-06-19","availableToBook":false}}