{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O156458"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O156458/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BV4284/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BV4284/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2008BV4284","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BV4285","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BW4238","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BV4287","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BV4286","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O156458/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O156458","accessionNumber":"LOAN:GILBERT.456-2008","objectType":"Snuffbox","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Snuff, or powdered tobacco inhaled through the nose, became a fashionable pursuit in the early years of the 18th century. Ladies and gentlemen followed the appropriate coded manners and offered each other snuff from rich, elegant boxes in the latest styles. \n\nAs a fervent snuff-taker, Napoleon Bonaparte commissioned snuffboxes for personal use, which he then bequeathed to his entourage in his will. On becoming Emperor in 1804, he revived the tradition of diplomatic snuffboxes, which had been popular before the French Revolution, as a way to reinforce his family's newly established pre-eminence. Records show that he formed a strict hierarchy and budget for these boxes, from simple tortoiseshell to more lavish versions such as this gold example. Here, Napoleon is depicted with this imperial robe and wreath, while the reverse depicts the bee, the imperial symbol of the Bonaparte dynasty.\n\nMoulinié, Bautte &amp; Moynier were the most prominent Swiss goldsmiths and watchmakers in the early 19th century, providing astonishing creations for the European as well as the Chinese market. \n\nSir Arthur Gilbert and his wife Rosalinde formed one of the world's great decorative art collections, including silver, mosaics, enamelled portrait miniatures and gold boxes.  Arthur Gilbert donated his extraordinary collection to Britain in 1996.\r\nOn long-term loan to Los Angeles County Museum from 2010.","physicalDescription":"A circular, vari-coloured gold snuffbox, the cover set with a bust-length miniature of Napoleon Bonaparte, the base set with a contemporary enamel plaque under glass added later.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Isabey, Jean-Baptiste","id":"A9823"},"association":{"text":"artists","id":"AAT25103"},"note":"In the style of "}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Moulinie, Bautte and Moynier","id":"A22272"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":"box"}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"enamel","id":"AAT14910"},{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"},{"text":"ivory","id":"AAT11857"},{"text":"glass","id":"AAT10797"}],"techniques":[{"text":"enamelling","id":"x37485"},{"text":"engine turning","id":"AAT233401"},{"text":"chasing","id":"AAT54016"},{"text":"painting","id":"x30598"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Gold, enamel, glazed miniature on ivory","categories":[{"text":"Containers","id":"THES48972"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"},{"text":"Personal accessories","id":"THES48912"},{"text":"Portraits","id":"THES48906"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2008BV4284","2008BV4285","2008BW4238","2008BV4287","2008BV4286"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"71","id":"THES49723"},"free":"","case":"CA018","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"snuffbox","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Geneva","id":"x32975"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"box"},{"place":{"text":"Paris","id":"x29068"},"association":{"text":"painted","id":"x30138"},"note":"possibly"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1812","earliest":"1807-01-01","latest":"1816-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""},{"date":{"text":"1812","earliest":"1812-01-01","latest":"1812-12-31"},"association":{"text":"painted","id":"x30138"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"The Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"10.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"3.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Measured 19/02/24 IW ","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Provenance: Traditionally presented to Countess Maria Walewska by Napoleon I.  A Polish nobleman.  Sven Axelsson Johnsson, Sweden, 1915.  Bukowski, Stockholm, lot. 1037, April 24, 1981.  Hans-Göran Sjöström, Stockholm.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"A circular, vari-coloured gold snuffbox, the cover set with an ivory miniature of Napoleon Bonaparte in the style of Isabey, the base set with a later- enamel plaque under glass.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Habsburg-Lothringen, Géza von. <u>Gold boxes from the collection of Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert</u>.  R. & A. Gilbert, 1983. 125 p., ill. Cat. no. 4, pp. 23-4.  ISBN. 0961039809."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Truman, Charles.<u>The Gilbert collection of gold boxes</u>, Vol. I. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1991, cat. no.126, pp. 358-61. ISBN.0875871623"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Williams, Elizabeth A. <u>The Gilbert Collection at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art</u>.  Los Angeles (Los Angeles County Museum of Art), 2010, fig. 50, p. 85. ISBN 9780875872100"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Zech, Heike. <u>Gold Boxes. Masterpieces from the Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection.</u> London: V&A Publishing, 2015, pp. 120-121, no. 42. ISBN 987-1-85177-840-9"},{"reference":{"text":"Schroder, Timothy. <i>Gold boxes : from the Gilbert collection : an exhibition</i>, Los Angeles : Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1986","id":"AUTH354598"},"details":"40","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Napoleon I","id":"N1899"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["LOAN:GILBERT.456-2008"],"accessionNumberNum":"456","accessionNumberPrefix":"LOAN:GILBERT","accessionYear":2008,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"GB 32"},{"type":{"text":"The Gilbert Collection, Somerset House","id":"THES50384"},"number":"1996.396"},{"type":{"text":"LACMA Loan Number 2010","id":"THES57416"},"number":"L.2010.9.16"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2018LC1448","2019LP2925","2019LT5573","2019LW2114"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-02-26","recordCreationDate":"2008-06-19","availableToBook":false}}