{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O156444"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O156444/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BW4260/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BW4260/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2008BW4260","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BW4373","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BW4363","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BW4354","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BW4353","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BW4347","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BW4338","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BW4163","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O156444/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O156444","accessionNumber":"LOAN:GILBERT.451-2008","objectType":"Snuffbox","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Taking snuff (powdered tobacco) became a fashionable pursuit in the early years of the eighteenth century. Ladies and gentlemen would offer each other snuff from rich, elegant boxes in the latest styles.\r\n\r\nThis box is decorated with miniatures of figures and cattle in country landscapes. They are in the style of the artist Nicolaes Berchem, presumably taken from engravings, but the identity of the artist is unknown. Gabriel-Raoul Morel, the goldsmith responsible for the box, was born in Paris in 1764. He first entered his mark in 1797, under the French Revolutionary government and is noted for the range of media in which he worked.\r\n\r\nSir Arthur Gilbert and his wife Rosalinde formed one of the world’s great decorative art collections, including silver, mosaics, enamelled portrait miniatures and gold boxes.  Arthur Gilbert donated his extraordinary collection to Britain in 1996.","physicalDescription":"A rectangular gold snuffbox set with six miniatures of figures and cattle in rural landscapes, under glass, mounted in gold chased with ovals and stylised foliage.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Morel, Gabriel-Raoul","id":"A22456"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"AAT251917"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"},{"text":"glaze","id":"AAT15091"},{"text":"glass","id":"AAT10797"}],"techniques":[{"text":"chasing","id":"AAT54016"},{"text":"glazing (coating)","id":"AAT53914"},{"text":"painting","id":"AAT54216"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Chased gold and glazed miniatures","categories":[{"text":"Containers","id":"THES48972"},{"text":"Jewellery","id":"THES48930"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2008BW4260","2008BW4373","2008BW4363","2008BW4354","2008BW4353","2008BW4347","2008BW4338","2008BW4163"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"027","id":"THES404905"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"snuffbox","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Paris","id":"x29068"},"association":{"text":"marked","id":"x32454"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1819-1832","earliest":"1819-01-01","latest":"1832-12-31"},"association":{"text":"marked","id":"x32454"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"The Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"7.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"6.1","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"4.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Paris marks for 1819-32","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"The unofficial standard mark of a boy's head and the number 2, denoting 20.5 carat gold, and a contemporary mark, a bear's head and the number 3, for 18 carat gold, found on gold boxes usually in addition to official standard marks dating from between 1798 and 1838, have been a source of some considerable confusion.  It has been argued that these marks were struck during the period 1793-97 (Nocq and Dreyfus 1930, XV), but there appears to be no evidence for this, and indeed it is easy to prove that this could not have been the case, because the boy's head mark is found on objects that could not have been made before 1804, including a gold snuffbox , formerly in the possession of Garrard's, London, that is struck with the mark of Victoire Boizot, Joseph-Etienne Blerzy's widow, who did not register a mark until April 6, 1806.","briefDescription":"Snuffbox with six rural landscapes. Gold and glazed miniatures, Paris, Gabriel-Raoul Morel, 1819-32","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Habsburg-Lothringen, Géza von. <u>Gold boxes from the collection of Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert</u>.  R. & A. Gilbert, 1983. 125 p., ill. Cat. no. 64, pp. 115-6. ISBN. 0961039809."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Truman, Charles.<u>The Gilbert collection of gold boxes</u>, Vol. I. Los Angeles: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1991, cat. no. 46, pp. 142-4.  ISBN.0875871623"},{"reference":{"text":"Schroder, Timothy. <i>Gold boxes : from the Gilbert collection : an exhibition</i>, Los Angeles : Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1986","id":"AUTH354598"},"details":"72","free":""}],"production":"The miniatures on the box have been attributed to the apparently unrecorded artist Jean-Louis Demaine, but such an attribution cannot be supported. They are executed in a loose Dutch Italianate style broadly after Nicolaes Berchem.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"figures","id":"x31098"},{"text":"cattle","id":"x35205"},{"text":"landscapes","id":"x31544"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"5. Snuffbox with landscapes, 1819–32\r\n\r\nMuseum no. Loan:Gilbert.451-2008","date":{"text":"16/11/2016","earliest":"2016-11-16","latest":"2016-11-16"}}],"partNumbers":["LOAN:GILBERT.451-2008"],"accessionNumberNum":"451","accessionNumberPrefix":"LOAN:GILBERT","accessionYear":2008,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"GB 13"},{"type":{"text":"The Gilbert Collection, Somerset House","id":"THES50384"},"number":"1996.381"},{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"GB 50"},{"type":{"text":"The Gilbert Collection, Somerset House","id":"THES50384"},"number":"1996.410"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LU8017"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-13","recordCreationDate":"2008-06-19","availableToBook":false}}