{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O156397"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O156397/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009BX1047/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009BX1047/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2009BX1047","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009BX1046","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009BX1045","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009BX1044","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009BX1043","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009BX1042","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009BX1041","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London/ © the Rosalinde & Arthur Gilbert Collection, on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London ","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2022NG6528","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2022NG6537","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2022NG6538","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2022NG6539","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2022NG6540","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O156397/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O156397","accessionNumber":"LOAN:GILBERT.930-2008","objectType":"Casket","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"In the creation of stone mosaics (commessi), hardstones (pietre dure) were sometimes varied with other, softer stones (pietre tenere). \r\n\r\nThe landscapes here use the natural markings of the Albarese limestones such as pietra paesina, or landscape stone, tigrato (with tiger-like effects) and verde d’Arno (a stone with many variations of green). The name Albarese comes from the Italian word ‘albero’ for ‘tree’ and refers to the appearance of the oxidised crystals in the stone which look like bushes and trees.\r\n \r\nLandscape scenes became increasingly popular in the late seventeenth century and these types of stone were used as the support for oil paintings: the marking on the stone were incorporated into the background to form a landscape. By the 1680s Alberese limestones were being cut and used for mosaic panels like those on this casket. They were highly valued as luxury souvenirs, until the 19th century, when these examples were re-mounted in this mahogany casket.\r\n\r\nSir Arthur Gilbert and his wife Rosalinde formed one of the world's great decorative art collections, including silver, mosaics, enamelled portrait miniatures and gold boxes.  Arthur Gilbert donated his extraordinary collection to Britain in 1996.","physicalDescription":"A wooden casket veneered with ebony standing on gilt bronze bun-shaped feet. The sides and lid are each set with a mosaic panel of soft stones depicting a landscape scene. The edges are framed with gilt bronze, and the corners have gilt bronze floral mounts.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"mahogany","id":"AAT12221"},{"text":"gilt bronze","id":"x35084"},{"text":"marble","id":"AAT11443"},{"text":"hardstone","id":"x37572"},{"text":"ebony","id":"AAT12055"},{"text":"limestone","id":"AAT11286"},{"text":"onyx","id":"AAT11136"},{"text":"bardiglio","id":"AAT11498"},{"text":"africano","id":"AAT11461"},{"text":"jasper","id":"AAT11151"},{"text":"","id":""},{"text":"corallina","id":"AAT11453"},{"text":"","id":""}],"techniques":[{"text":"carving","id":"AAT53149"},{"text":"veneering","id":"AAT53878"},{"text":"casting","id":"AAT53104"},{"text":"gilding","id":"AAT53789"},{"text":"pietre dure","id":"AAT53615"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"mosaic stone panels (commessi); pietre tenere (soft stones), coloured marble, gilt bronze and mahogany with ebony veneer","categories":[{"text":"Containers","id":"THES48972"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2009BX1047","2009BX1046","2009BX1045","2009BX1044","2009BX1043","2009BX1042","2009BX1041","2022NG6528","2022NG6537","2022NG6538","2022NG6539","2022NG6540"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES409940"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"casket","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"No","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Florence","id":"x28848"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1675-1725","earliest":"1675-01-01","latest":"1725-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""},{"date":{"text":"1850-1900","earliest":"1850-01-01","latest":"1900-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"The Rosalinde and Arthur Gilbert Collection on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum, London","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"213","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"287","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"222","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Weight","value":"4380","unit":"g","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"213","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"287","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"222","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"20/07/2022","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Provenance: The Hon. Mrs. Stuart; William Redford, London, 1972; Los Angeles County Museum of Art.\n\nHistorical significance: This 19th century casket is mounted with earlier hard- and softstone panels, demonstrating the fashion for remounting earlier examples in new practical settings. This casket was probably used to contain jewellery and other small precious items of emotional significance to the owner.","historicalContext":"The plaques on this casket are typical of the burgeoning late 17th century taste for subjects from nature.","briefDescription":"Rectangular mahogany casket with stone mosaic (commessi panels): Florence, 1680-1725; casket: Florence, 1850-1900","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Massinelli, Anna Maria with contributions by Jeanette Hanisee Gabriel. <u>Hardstones: The Gilbert Collection</u>. London: Philip Wilson Publishers Ltd. in association with The Gilbert Collection, 2000. 329 p., ill. Cat. no. 7, p. 47. ISBN 0856675105."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Gonzalez-Palacios, Alvar and Steffi Röttgen with essays by Steffi Röttgen, Claudia Przyborowski; essays and new catalogue material translated by Alla Theodora Hall. <u>The Art of Mosaics: Selections from the Gilbert Collection</u>. Los Angeles (Los Angeles County Museum of Art) 1982, 224 p., ill. Cat. no.105. ISBN 0875871097"},{"reference":{"text":"Avery, Charles, assisted by Arthur Emperatori. <i>Mosaics from the Gilbert Collection: summary catalogue</i>. London : H.M.S.O., 1975","id":"AUTH355029"},"details":"118","free":""}],"production":"<i>Pietre dure</i> panels date to late seventeenth to early eighteenth century; casket dates from second half nineteenth century","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"landscape","id":"x35496"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"1. Casket\r\nMosaics, 1675–1725. Casket, 1850–1900\r\n\r\nHardstones were sometimes mixed with softer stones <i>(pietre tener</i><i>e)</i> for variety. Here, the natural markings of Alberese limestone, mined near Florence, suggest the silhouettes of trees.\r\n\r\nFlorence, Italy\r\n<i>Pietre dure, pietre tenere</i> (hard and soft stone mosaic), coloured marble, gilded bronze and mahogany\r\nMuseum no. Loan:Gilbert.930-2008","date":{"text":"2024","earliest":"2024-01-01","latest":"2024-12-31"}},{"text":"7. Casket\r\nMosaics, 1675–1725. Casket, 1850–1900\r\n\r\nHardstones were sometimes mixed with softer stones (pietre tenere) for variety. Here, the natural markings of Alberese limestone, mined near Florence, suggest the silhouettes of trees.\r\n\r\nFlorence, Italy\r\nPietre dure, pietre tenere (hard and soft stone mosaic), coloured marble, gilded bronze and mahogany\r\nMuseum no. Loan:Gilbert.930-2008","date":{"text":"16/11/2016","earliest":"2016-11-16","latest":"2016-11-16"}},{"text":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null}},{"text":"Casket with Italian landscapes\r\nMosaics: 1675-1725. Casket: 1850-1900\r\n\r\nHardstone mosaics were sometimes varied with other, softer stones (pietre tenere). the landscapes here use Albarese limestone with natural markings simulating trees. Other hardstones have been selected for patterns that imitate the colours of vegetation. Landscape scenes on mosaics became increasingly popular in the late 17th century. They were highly valued in the 19th century, when these examples were mounted in this mahogany casket.\r\n\r\nFlorence, Italy\r\nPietre dure, pietre tenere (hard and soft stone mosaic), coloured marble, gilded bronze and mahogany\r\nMuseum no. Loan: Gilbert.930-2008","date":{"text":"2009","earliest":"2009-01-01","latest":"2009-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["LOAN:GILBERT.930-2008"],"accessionNumberNum":"930","accessionNumberPrefix":"LOAN:GILBERT","accessionYear":2008,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"MM 106"},{"type":{"text":"LACMA","id":"THES57415"},"number":"M.75.135.28"},{"type":{"text":"The Gilbert Collection, Somerset House","id":"THES50384"},"number":"1996.259"},{"type":{"text":"Arthur Gilbert Number","id":"THES50383"},"number":"MM 19"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2018LC2905","2019LP3944","2019LV3618","2019LW9408","2019MF7565","2022NG8568","2022NG8569","2022NG8589"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-01","recordCreationDate":"2008-06-19","availableToBook":false}}