{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O155260"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O155260/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010ED2747/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010ED2747/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2010ED2747","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2021MV2945","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O155260/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O155260","accessionNumber":"3696-1856","objectType":"Panel","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This leather panel was one of a set of three which the Museum bought from the Paris International Exhibition in 1855. The panels show different stages in production, from the first moulded design, with no colour, to intermediate states, with the moulded decoration covered partly in metal foil which is varnished to give the effect of gold leaf, and partly with colourful paints and varnishes.\r\n\r\n'Gilt leather' as it is generally called, was first produced in the 17th century but was fashionable again in the 1850s and was produced in a variety of historic styles.  The firm of Jacques Michel Dulud, who may have made these panels, exhibited at several international exhibitions, including the Great Exhibition in London in 1851.  The firm was best known for making panels in the Gothic or Renaissance style (as here) but could also produce good imitations of 17th and 18th-century styles.","physicalDescription":"A rectangular panel of moulded leather, with foiled and varnished decoration to imitate gilding, against a painted background in dark green and black. The panel is almost square. It is composed of four different skins, of different sizes, skived and glued together. The joins are visible on the back surface. The design shows an overall pattern of scroll-framed lobed panels, with curving sides and pointed ends, set with interlaced formal flower-headed scrolls appearing as gilded against a ground of dark green, the areas between the lobed panels filled with similar decoration of larger size set against a black ground. The panel is just over half the size recorded in 1856.","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Dulud, Jacques Michel","id":"A21730"},"association":{"text":"designer and maker","id":"x34662"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Leather","id":"AAT11845"},{"text":"foil","id":"AAT160106"},{"text":"paint","id":"AAT15029"}],"techniques":[{"text":"moulding","id":"AAT53134"},{"text":"embossing","id":"AAT53826"},{"text":"gilding","id":"AAT53789"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Embossed and gilded leather","categories":[{"text":"Interiors","id":"THES48933"},{"text":"Wall coverings","id":"THES48878"},{"text":"Leather","id":"THES49030"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"FWK","id":"THES48597"},"images":["2010ED2747","2021MV2945"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"027","id":"THES301695"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Leather panel","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Paris","id":"x29068"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"probably"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1855","earliest":"1850-01-01","latest":"1859-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"3698-1856","id":"O190398"},"association":"Version"},{"object":{"text":"3719-1856","id":"O368780"},"association":"Version"}],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"54","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"51","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions checked on object 01/04/2009.  The panel appears to have been cut to approximately half its height as recorded in 1856 (3 ft. x 1 ft. 8 1/2 in.) and this may account for the fact that is no longer carries its original numbering.","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Acquired directly by the Museum at the<i> Exposition Universelle</i>, Paris 1855. See: Third Report of Department of Science and Art for 1855, pages 67, 80.\r\n\nPurchased for 12 shillings 6 pence.\n\r\nRelated works: identical to V&A Museum no. 3798-1856.\r\n\r\nPart of it has been transferred to the Museum of Leathercraft, 16/01/1969 (RP 68/1871).","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Embossed leather panel, with moulded, foiled, varnished and painted decoration, with an overall cinque-cento arabesque pattern of lobed motifs and interlacing scrolls. Painted in green and a very dark blue, and heightened with gold. French, by Jacques Michel Dulud. Bought from the 1855 Paris International Exhibition.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Starcky, Emmanuel,<i> Napoleon III et la reine Victoria: une visite à l’Exposition universelle de 1855</i>, Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 2008.","id":"AUTH348573"},"details":"","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Cuirs Dulud, dits cuirs en relief pour meubles & tentures. Album contenant le principaux dessins et diverses notions relatives a leur emploi, Paris 1857, no. 4 (article by Ch. Aride, 'Des cuirs en relief', L'art au XIXe siècle, 01/11/1857)"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Robinson, J. C. ed. <u>Inventory of objects in the collections of the museum of ornamental art at the South Kensington Museum</u>. London, 1860. p.113, no. 9625"}],"production":"Attributed to Dulud on the basis of a note in the original, printed Acquisitions Register, for 3698-1856, which is the same pattern. 'Cuirs Dulud' workshop,14 rue Vivienne, Paris.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"scrolls","id":"AAT10094"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["3696-1856"],"accessionNumberNum":"3696","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1856,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Exhibition number","id":"THES288584"},"number":"Exhibitor no. 8075  (Exposition Universelle exhibition)"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-06","recordCreationDate":"2008-06-03","availableToBook":true}}