{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O152725"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O152725/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009BW8760/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2009BW8760/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2009BW8760","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London/Georg Nees","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2008BT4873","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London/Georg Nees","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O152725/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O152725","accessionNumber":"E.63-2008","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Kugel in der Kugel","type":"assigned by artist"}],"summaryDescription":"Georg Nees (born 1926, Nuremberg) is considered one of the founders of computer art and graphics.  He was also one of the first people to exhibit his computer graphics, at the studio gallery of the Technische Hochschule in Stuttgart in February 1965.\r\n\r\nNees studied mathematics and physics at the universities of Erlangen-Nuremberg and Stuttgart.   He subsequently worked for Siemens as a software engineer, and was instrumental in their purchasing a 'Zuse Graphomat', a drawing machine operated by computer-generated punched tape.  The machine was capable of creating geometric patterns and, although the programming language that Nees used (ALGOL) was designed specifically for scientific computers, Nees used it to create aesthetic images such as this one. \n\nIn 1969 he received his doctorate on the subject of Generative Computer Graphics under Max Bense, the German philosopher and writer.","physicalDescription":"Orange and black screenprint, mounted on board, from a plotter drawing.  This print depicts line drawings of two globe- like forms, one inside the other.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Nees, Georg","id":"A21872"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"printing ink","id":"AAT187371"},{"text":"mounting board","id":"AAT183686"}],"techniques":[{"text":"screen printing","id":"AAT53281"},{"text":"plotter drawing","id":"x43893"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Screenprint on paper, mounted on board","categories":[{"text":"Computer Art","id":"THES49037"},{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2009BW8760","2008BT4873"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLC (VA)","id":"THES49171"},"free":"","case":"3H","shelf":"23","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"print","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Germany","id":"x28873"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"probably"}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1970","earliest":"1965-01-01","latest":"1974-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by the Computer Arts Society, supported by System Simulation Ltd, London","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"75.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"68.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'COMPUTERGRAFIK MIT SIEMENS-SYSTEM 4004'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Computer text in lower right side, referring to the digital computer used in the creation of this work."}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Screenprint from a plotter drawing, 'Kugel in der Kugel', ca. 1970, by Georg Nees.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Herzogenrath, Wulf and Nierhoff-Wielk, Barbara, eds. Ex-Machina - Frühe Computergrafik bis 1979. Munich: Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2007. 442 p., ill. ISBN 978-3-422-06689-2."}],"production":"Attribution note: Software: ALGOL program. \r\nHardware: Siemens - digital computers 2002.\r\nOutput device: ZUSE-Graphomat Z64","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.63-2008"],"accessionNumberNum":"63","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":2008,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Previous owner's number","id":"THES57329"},"number":"CAS/A/0051"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-09","recordCreationDate":"2008-04-16","availableToBook":false}}