{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O152516"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O152516/"}},"images":null,"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O152516","accessionNumber":"14401A","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Head of a Bishop's crozier with the Virgin and Child","type":"popular title"}],"summaryDescription":"This engraving depicts the top portion of a bishop's crozier - the ceremonial staff based on a shepherd's crook that is carried in procession by bishops and archbishops.\r\n\r\nMartin Schongauer, son of a goldsmith, was among the first European artists to explore the full expressive potential of printmaking. Schongauer's novel use of the technique of engraving, developed from the goldsmith's long-established practice of decorating metal with engraved patterns, was recognized almost immediately and his prints were highly esteemed in his own lifetime.  In this print Schongauer has shown a clear understanding for the artisan's creation and his knowledge of the best of the goldsmiths' craft.","physicalDescription":"This part of the engraving depicts the top portion of a bishop's crozier. The curl of the crozier is decorated with seven crockets. Four tiny male figures climb through the tracery on top. At the centre of the crozier are the crowned Madonna, seated on a throne between two angels playing a lute and an organ. The Madonna holds the naked Child who is standing and blessing. A blank shield rests on the bottom of the circle, ready to receive the bishop's coat of arms.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Schongauer, Martin","id":"A6028"},"association":{"text":"engraver","id":"x30813"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"laid paper","id":"AAT14184"},{"text":"printing ink","id":"AAT187371"}],"techniques":[{"text":"engraving (printing process)","id":"AAT53225"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"engraving on laid paper","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Religion","id":"THES48900"},{"text":"Images Online","id":"THES48937"},{"text":"Ornament prints","id":"THES49038"}],"styles":[{"text":"Renaissance","id":"AAT21140"},{"text":"Medieval","id":"AAT20756"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":[],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLD","id":"THES49658"},"free":"","case":"EO","shelf":"115","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"print","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Colmar","id":"x36487"},"association":{"text":"engraved","id":"AAT53829"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca 1470","earliest":"1470-01-01","latest":"1470-12-31"},"association":{"text":"engraved","id":"AAT53829"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"263","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"maximum","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"93","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"maximum","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"The part of the print signed with the artist's monogram has been cut off in this example.","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"'Lehrs was also convinced that the 'Crozier' offered evidence that Schongauer had actually been trained as a goldsmith to some extent in his father's workshop....It is certainly true that a goldsmith must work from a drawing and that this print would offer the possibility of multiple copies","briefDescription":"Engraving of a Bishop's crozier","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Lambert, Susan (ed.) <u>Pattern & Design: Designs for the Decorative Arts 1480-1980</u> London: Victoria and Albert Museum, 1983"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"Virgin and Child","id":"N4691"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"crozier","id":"x35914"},{"text":"angel","id":"x31516"},{"text":"portative organs","id":"AAT41695"},{"text":"lutes","id":"AAT42101"},{"text":"Crozier","id":"x35914"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["14001A"],"accessionNumberNum":"14001","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-18","recordCreationDate":"2008-04-10","availableToBook":false}}