{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O152003"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O152003/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010ED2749/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010ED2749/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2010ED2749","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009BY0341","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2009BY0340","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2021MV2969","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O152003/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O152003","accessionNumber":"3694-1856","objectType":"Panel","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"This leather panel was one of a set of four which the Museum bought from the Paris International Exhibition in 1855.The four panels show different stages of production, or different varieties of decoration, from the first moulded design, with no colour, to the finished state, with the stamped decoration covered partly in metal foil which is varnished to give the effect of gold leaf, and partly with colourful paints and varnishes. \r\n\r\n'Gilt leather' as it is generally called, was first produced in the 17th century but was fashionable again in the 1850s.  This design is based on those first produced in France during the reign of Louis XIV (1643-1715). The firm of Jacques Michel Dulud, who made these panels, exhibited at several international exhibitions, including the Great Exhibition of 1851. They were best known for making panels in Gothic or Renaissance styles, but clearly they could also produce good imitations of 17th and 18th century styles.","physicalDescription":"A rectangular leather panel, moulded and decorated with varnished foil, imitating gilding, and with polychrome paints and varnishes. The panel is composed of two skins, joined horizontally approximately 13 cm above the lower edge.  The design centres on a central cartouche with in-curved corners, outlined with cross-reeded gilt banding and enclosing a trellised plinth supporting a fan-shaped motif, between two birds, with naturalistic flowers below the plinth. Outside the central cartouche, the long sides show framing elements from a secondary cartouche and the corners are decorated with tightly rolled scrolls of formal foliage. The ground outside the central cartouche is painted dark brown; inside, the lower part is painted dark green and the upper part turquoise.  The raised elements of the design are foiled and varnished to appear gilded, with additional colouring of details in browns and greens.  The top of the panel has been cut on a slight diagonal but the dimensions remain close to those recorded in 1856.","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Dulud, Jacques Michel","id":"A21730"},"association":{"text":"designer and maker","id":"x34662"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Leather","id":"AAT11845"},{"text":"Silver foil","id":"x32609"},{"text":"Paint","id":"AAT15050"},{"text":"varnish","id":"AAT14974"}],"techniques":[{"text":"Stamping","id":"x34899"},{"text":"painting","id":"x30598"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Embossed and gilded leather","categories":[{"text":"Interiors","id":"THES48933"},{"text":"Leather","id":"THES49030"},{"text":"Wall coverings","id":"THES48878"}],"styles":[{"text":"Louis XIV Revival","id":"x42257"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"FWK","id":"THES48597"},"images":["2010ED2749","2009BY0341","2009BY0340","2021MV2969"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"030","id":"THES301698"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Leather panel","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Paris","id":"x29068"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1855","earliest":"1850-01-01","latest":"1859-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":"This is one of the most popular designs of the period 1700-1725 and was much copied in the 19th century.  Eloy Koldeweij and Horst Glass have suggested that it was first made in the workshop of Carolus Jacob (1693-1728) in the city of Malines (Mechelen). See J.P. Fournet,<i> Les Cuirs Dorés Anciens en France</i>.  PhD thesis, Ecole du Louvre, Paris, 2004, p. 814, where another version of the design, from a private collection, is discussed and a number of other versions are listed. \nVersions of the design are found in the V&A, inv. nos. 3692-1856  and 3729-1856. An 18th-century version of the design is inv. no. 477-1869."}],"associatedObjects":[{"object":{"text":"3692-1856","id":"O154028"},"association":"Series"},{"object":{"text":"3693-1856","id":"O152059"},"association":"Series"},{"object":{"text":"3729-1856","id":"O304818"},"association":"Series"}],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"76.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"61.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions checked on object 01/04/2009. Original measurements: 31 in. x 24 1/2 in.","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Acquired directly by the Museum at the<i> Exposition Universelle</i>, Paris 1855. See: Third Report of Department of Science and Art for 1855', pages 67, 80.\r\n\nPurchased for 12 shillings.\n\r\nIdentical to V&A Museum numbers 3692-1856 to B-1856 and 3693-1856. Identical panels can also be found in the Deutsches Tapetenmuseum, Kassel, inv.no. 5/5, and as part of the wall hanging in the house Keizer Karelstraat 75, Gent, Belgium (1992). This is the 19th-century version of V&A Museum numbers 476-1869, 477-1869.  Another version of the design, in Schloss Weesenstein, Saxony, Germany, is illustrated in Jean-Pierre Fournet, <u>Cuirs Dorées, \"Cuirs de Cordoue\", un Art Européen</u> (Château de Saint-Remy-en-l'Eau: Editions Monelle Hayot, 2019), p. 158, fig. 215, that version dated to the beginning of the eighteenth century. Two other versions, from the Glass Tielker Collection, D-Hückelhaveare illustrated on p. 177, figs. 242a&amp;b, with a note that very similar panels were made by the workshop of Carolous Jacobs in Malines, notably for the Hôtel de Ville at Furnes (Veurnes) in Belgium, where it can still be seen in the Albertzaal.\r\n\r\n\r\nTransferred 01/09/1965 from Bethnal Green Department to the Woodwork Department (RP 65/2340).\n\nAlthough the design is based on 18th-century originals, it was extremely popular in the 19th century and was even reproduced in wallpaper, as found in the Library at Brodsworth Hall, Yorkshire (image in departmental files).  This panel is the closest of all the V&amp;A versions in colourway to the Brodsworth wallpaper and it it possible that the wallpaper was directly inspired by it.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Panel of stamped, foiled and polychromed leather, formal design  with shaped central cartouche in Louis XIV Revival style, Jacques Michel Dulud, Paris, ca. 1855","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Starcky, Emmanuel,<i> Napoleon III et la reine Victoria: une visite à l’Exposition universelle de 1855</i>, Paris: Réunion des musées nationaux, 2008.","id":"AUTH348573"},"details":"","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>Cuirs Dulud, dits cuirs en relief pour meubles & tentures. Album contenant le principaux dessins et diverses notions relatives a leur emploi</u>. Paris, 1857. No.6."}],"production":"Maker recorded in early published acquisition lists of the Museum. Made at the 'Cuirs Dulud' workshop, 14 rue Vivienne, Paris.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"Bird","id":"x35043"},{"text":"Trellis","id":"AAT6785"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["3694-1856"],"accessionNumberNum":"3694","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1856,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Exhibition number","id":"THES288584"},"number":"Exhibitor no. 8075  (Exposition Universelle exhibition)"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-08-06","recordCreationDate":"2008-04-03","availableToBook":true}}