{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O146305"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O146305/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BV6262/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BV6262/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2008BV6262","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O146305/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O146305","accessionNumber":"SD.590","objectType":"Watercolour","titles":[{"title":"Excavation of the Great Temple of Ramesses II at Abu Simbel","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"An intrepid and versatile Frenchman, Linant came to Egypt in 1818. In Cairo he adopted the life of an Ottoman Turk, but was known and consulted by European residents and visitors as well as by the Pasha of Egypt, Muhammad Ali. At various times his talents were employed as a geographer, explorer, engineer, cartographer and draughtsman. \r\nHis first adventure was an expedition to Upper Egypt that Henry Salt, British Consul-General in Egypt , took to Abu Simbel in 1818-19. Although there were other artists in the party it is likely that this watercolour is by Linant and that it depicts Salt's attempts to clear away the ever encroaching sand from the facade of the Great Temple. It shows the construction of a palisade of date-palm trunks to keep back the sand, held in place by wet mud brought up from the Nile in sacks by the local villagers. \r\nLinant took part in several subsequent expeditions up the Nile, and was one of the first Europeans to reach the Pharaonic sites of Meroe and Musawarat in the Sudan. Later, he played a prominent part in irrigation projects in Lower Egypt and in plans for the Suez Canal.","physicalDescription":"Watercolour drawing","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Linant de Bellefonds, Louis Maurice Adolphe (Bey and Pasha)","id":"A21413"},"association":{"text":"painter (artist)","id":"AAT25136"},"note":"probably"}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"watercolour","id":"x33202"}],"techniques":[{"text":"watercolour drawing","id":"x37878"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Watercolour over pencil on paper","categories":[{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"}],"styles":[{"text":"French School","id":"x31263"},{"text":"Orientalism","id":"x31272"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2008BV6262"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLD","id":"THES49658"},"free":"","case":"SCX","shelf":"5","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"watercolour","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Egypt","id":"x29512"},"association":{"text":"painted","id":"x30138"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1818-1819","earliest":"1818-01-01","latest":"1819-12-31"},"association":{"text":"painted","id":"x30138"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Purchased with the assistance of the National Heritage Memorial Fund, Art Fund, Shell International and the Friends of the V&A","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"17.1","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"23.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"[J WHA]TMAN [TURKEY] MILL [...]6","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"paper with watermark partly cut away"}],"objectHistory":"According to Rodney Searight: - `Bt. Spink/ex Christie's [Sotheby's ?], May 1977, £240 '.","historicalContext":"Linant accompanied an expedition to Upper Egypt organised by Henry Salt, British Consul-General in Egypt, in 1818-19, during which the Temple of Ramesses II at Abu Simbel was partly excavated: see W.J. Bankes, ed., Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Giovanni Finati, 1830, Vol.II, pp.301-02 & 312-5 and J.J. Halls, The Life and Correspondence of Henry Salt, Esq. F.R.S. &c., 1834, Vol.II, pp.122 & 133.  The party also included two other draughtsmen, Dr. Alessandro Ricci and William Henry Beechey: see Searight Archive. SD.590 shows the construction of a palisade of date-palm trunks to keep back the sand, held in place by wet mud brought up from the Nile in sacks.\r\nR.G. Searight, `Early Explorers at Abu Simbel', Illustrated London News, December 1977, pp.81, 83;  B. Llewellyn, `Changing Views of the Middle East  Watercolours from the Searight Collection', Antique Dealer & Collectors Guide, September 1983, pp.52-3.","briefDescription":"Watercolour, Excavation of the Great Temple of Ramesses II at Abu Simbel, 1818-1819. Attributed to Louis Maurice Adolphe Linant de Bellefonds, Bey and Pasha","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Searight, Rodney and Scarce, Jennifer M., <i>A Middle Eastern journey : artists on their travels from the collection of Rodney Searight,</i> Talbot Rice Art Centre, 1980","id":"AUTH351213"},"details":"","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Conner, Patrick (ed). The Inspiration of Egypt : its influence on British artists, travellers, and designers, 1700-1900 . Brighton Borough Council, Brighton, 1983","id":"AUTH351232"},"details":"","free":""}],"production":"Attributed to Louis Maurice Adolphe Linant de Bellefonds, Bey and Pasha","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[{"text":"Egypt","id":"x29512"},{"text":"Nile","id":"x41314"},{"text":"Abu Sunbul","id":"x41147"},{"text":"Temple of Ramesses II","id":"x41340"}],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"Temples","id":"AAT7595"},{"text":"Excavations","id":"AAT108265"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["SD.590"],"accessionNumberNum":"590","accessionNumberPrefix":"SD","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-05","recordCreationDate":"2008-02-27","availableToBook":false}}