{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O14458"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O14458/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BF3111/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BF3111/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006BF3111","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2016JL6031","copyright":"courtesy of The Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2017KA4361","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O14458/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O14458","accessionNumber":"IM.15-1930","objectType":"Huqqa base","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Little is known about the production of glass artefacts under the Mughal emperors, though the official history of the reign of Akbar (r. 1556-1605) notes that gilded glass was made in Bihar. Imports of technically superior Venetian glass were made throughout the 17th century and in the 18th century massive importation of English lead glass took place. Indian glass is usually not of high quality, and relies for its aesthetic effect on bright colours and bold surface decoration which has the additional benefit of concealing the many imperfections usually found in the glass. Tobacco was introduced into the Mughal empire at the beginning of the 17th century, and the habit of smoking it through water pipes, or huqqas (\"hubble bubbles\"), such as this, spread quickly.","physicalDescription":"Green glass huqqa base with compressed spherical body and short cylindrical neck, painted all over with gilt floral decoration and yellow details.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"glass","id":"AAT10832"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Green glass, with gilt decoration","categories":[{"text":"Smoking accessories","id":"THES49036"},{"text":"Glass","id":"THES48946"}],"styles":[{"text":"Mughal","id":"AAT18939"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2006BF3111","2016JL6031","2017KA4361"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"CB009","id":"THES394866"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Huqqa base","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"India","id":"x29790"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"first half 18th century","earliest":"1700-01-01","latest":"1750-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"18.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"17.8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Bought from Mr C. Nordlinger of Manchester for £175 in 1930, after being on loan to the V&A from 1927. RP 1930/4835","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Domestic, green glass, gilt, Mughal India, C18","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Annual Review, V&A, 1930, fig. 25; Leigh Ashton, Art of India and Pakistan, p. 233, no. 236 (b); M.G. Dikshit, History of Indian Glass, Bombay, 1969, pl. VI; Indian Art, Victoria and Albert Museum, 1978, p. 23; \r\n\r\nGuy, J., and Swallow, D., (eds). ‘Arts of India: 1550-1900’. London : Victoria and Albert Museum, 1990. ISBN 1851770224.p83, no.60."},{"reference":{"text":"Irwin, John; Indian Art: Victoria & Albert Museum departmental guide, H.M.S.O. ISBN 0 905209117, 1978","id":"AUTH348999"},"details":"fig. 29, p. 23","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"The Indian Heritage. Court life and Arts under Mughal Rule ISBN 0 906969 26 3","id":"AUTH352798"},"details":"p. 125, cat. no. 388, Susan Stronge","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["IM.15-1930"],"accessionNumberNum":"15","accessionNumberPrefix":"IM","accessionYear":1930,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-04-09","recordCreationDate":"1999-12-15","availableToBook":false}}