{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1443602"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1443602/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2019LM8429/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2019LM8429/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2019LM8429","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1443602/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1443602","accessionNumber":"E.520-2018","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Unsere Liebe Frau von Einsiedeln (Our Lady of Einsiedeln)","type":"published title"}],"summaryDescription":"In art historical terms, a black Madonna is a painting or sculpture depicting the Virgin Mary with dark or black skin, created in Europe in the late medieval period, or sometimes an older image whose documented popular cult dates from that time. Some are made of dark or black materials such as ebony, others are said to have become blackened from the soot of candles, although this explanation and the significance of the Madonna’s skin colour is contested.  There are several hundred black Madonnas in Europe. The topic of black Madonnas has attracted a considerable literature in recent decades approaching the subject from the perspectives of anthropology, psychology, art history, feminism, and Black history. \n\nThe Abbey of Einsiedeln is a Benedictine monastery dedicated to Our Lady of the Hermits and  located in the village of Einsiedeln twenty miles southeast of Zurich. According to 9th and  14th-century sources, the hermit St Meinrad (d. 861) was especially devoted to the Virgin and  was given a miracle-working statue of the Virgin and Child by Abbess Hildegard of Zurich  around which he built a chapel. Following his murder, a church was built over this chapel. The  new church was dedicated but not the chapel. In 948 Conrad of Constance was praying in the  chapel when he witnessed Christ and the    angels performing the dedication rites. A papal  bull of 11th November 966 allowed the celebration of the anniversary of this miracle and  granted remission of sins to pilgrims to the shrine. This engraving after a photograph of the statue may have originally been published as a souvenir of the shrine for sale to pilgrims or to illustrate a book, but here has been customised as an In Memoriam card for a Carmelite nun. \n","physicalDescription":"Rectangular print (portrait format). Front: b&w engraved image, derived from a photograph, the Black Madonna of Einsiedeln, lettered below the image:\r\nGestochen von Georg Goldberg\r\nUNSERE LIBE FRAU VON EINSIEDELN\r\nNach photographischer Aufnahme der Originalstatue\r\ndes Gnadenbildes.\r\nBack: In Memoriam for Franciska Theresia of the Holy Family (Filomena Baumgartner), a Carmelite nun in the Wilten Convent at Innsbruck, Austria, died 16th January 1891, printed in black fraktur script.  \r\n\r\n   \r\n","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Goldberg, Georg","id":"AUTH352173"},"association":{"text":"Engraver","id":"x30810"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"ink","id":"AAT15012"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"}],"techniques":[{"text":"engraving","id":"AAT53225"},{"text":"letterpress","id":"AAT178926"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Engraving and letterpress on paper","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2019LM8429"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLF","id":"THES49656"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":"Black Madonna Topic Box"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Prints","id":"AAT41273"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Germany","id":"x28873"},"association":{"text":"Printed and published","id":"x35383"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1870-1890","earliest":"1870-01-01","latest":"1890-12-31"},"association":{"text":"Printed and published","id":"x35383"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Tim Travis in memory of Leslie Travis","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"15.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"10.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Gestochen von Georg Goldberg\r\nUNSERE LIBE FRAU VON EINSIEDELN\r\nNach photographischer Aufnahme der Originalstatue\r\ndes Gnadenbildes.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Engraved by Georg Goldberg\r\nOUR LADY OF EINSIEDELN\r\nFrom a photograph of the original statue\r\nof the holy image.","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Below the image"}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Georg Goldberg, Our Lady of Einsiedeln, engraving, Germany, late 19th century. ","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"Mass produced","id":"THES48863"},"contentDescription":"The Black Madonna of Einsiedeln","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"The Virgin Mary","id":"N16161"},{"text":"Jesus Christ","id":"N1515"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"statues","id":"AAT47600"},{"text":"Black Madonnas","id":"THES282271"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.520-2018"],"accessionNumberNum":"520","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":2018,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-05","recordCreationDate":"2018-06-20","availableToBook":false}}