{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1443585"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1443585/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2019LK2483/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2019LK2483/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2019LK2483","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1443585/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1443585","accessionNumber":"E.503-2018","objectType":"Print","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"In art history, a black madonna is a painting or sculpture depicting the Virgin Mary with dark or black skin, created in Europe in the late Medieval period. Some are made of dark or black materials such as ebony, others are said to have become blackened from the soot of candles, although this explanation  and the significance of the Virgin's skin colour is contested. There are several hundred black madonnas in Europe and the topic has attracted a considerable literature in recent decades approaching the subject from anthropological, art historical, feminist, psychoanalytical and Afrocentric    perspectives.\r\n\r\nThe Abbey of Einsiedeln is a Benedictine monastery dedicated to Our Lady of the Hermits and located in the village of Einsiedeln twenty miles southeast  of Zurich. According to 9th and 14th-century sources, the hermit St Meinrad (d. 861) was especially devoted to the Virgin and was given a miracle-working statue of the Virgin and Child by Abbess Hildegard of Zurich around which he built a chapel. Following his murder, a church was built over this chapel. The new church was dedicated but not the chapel. In 948 Conrad of Constance was praying in the chapel when he witnessed Christ and the    angels performing the dedication rites. A papal bull of 11th November 966 allowed the celebration of the anniversary of this miracle and granted remission of sins to pilgrims to the shrine. This 19th-century holy card would have been published for sale to pilgrims as a souvenir. ","physicalDescription":"Shaped holy card with frilled edges, embossed and printed in colour with gold. Front: Our Lady of Eisiedeln within a gold cloud issuing rays and thunderbolts, within an oval medallion, wthin a scalloped and frilled embossed border decorated with flowers (roses and forget-me-nots) printed in colour against a gold ground. Back: lettered with French prayer to the Virgin Mary printed in black letters within central oval, publisher's details below.  ","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Wyss, Eberle & Co.","id":"AUTH333591"},"association":{"text":"Printer and publisher","id":"x35446"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Paper","id":"x30308"},{"text":"Ink","id":"AAT15012"},{"text":"Gold","id":"x34868"}],"techniques":[{"text":"Lithography","id":"AAT53271"},{"text":"Embossing","id":"AAT53826"},{"text":"Gilding","id":"AAT53789"},{"text":"Die-cutting","id":"AAT233399"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Lithography on paper with embossing, gilding and die-cutting","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2019LK2483"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLF","id":"THES49656"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":"Black Madonna Topic Box"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Prints","id":"AAT41273"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Einsiedeln","id":"x46820"},"association":{"text":"Printed and published","id":"x35383"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1860 - 1890","earliest":"1860-01-01","latest":"1890-12-31"},"association":{"text":"Printed and published","id":"x35383"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Tim Travis in memory of Leslie Travis","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"7.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"maximum","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"5.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"maximum","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"PRIERE\nà Notre-Dame des\nErmites.\n\nMarie, qui dans votre\nSanctuaire des Ermites\ndispensez avec la plus\ngrande libéralité les trésors\nde grâces de votre divin\nFils, bénnisez-moi. Bénis-\nsez aussi, ô Mère des\nbénédictions, mes\namis, mes bien-\nfaiteurs. A.\n\n\nWYSS, EBERLE & CO. EINSIEDELN.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"On the back"}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Wyss, Eberle & Co. Holy card souvenir of Our Lady of Einsiedeln, Switzerland, 19th century.","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"Mass produced","id":"THES48863"},"contentDescription":"Our Lady of Einsiedeln","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"The Virgin Mary","id":"N16161"},{"text":"Jesus Christ","id":"N1515"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"Black Madonnas","id":"THES282271"},{"text":"flowers","id":"x35571"},{"text":"ornament","id":"AAT56258"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.503-2018"],"accessionNumberNum":"503","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":2018,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-17","recordCreationDate":"2018-06-20","availableToBook":false}}