{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1443578"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1443578/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2019LH6673/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2019LH6673/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2019LH6673","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1443578/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1443578","accessionNumber":"E.496-2018","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Notre Dame du Pilier","type":"published title"}],"summaryDescription":"In art historical terms, a black Madonna is a painting or sculpture depicting  the Virgin with dark or black skin, created in Europe in the late medieval  period, or sometimes an older image whose documented popular cult dates  from that time. Some are made of dark or black materials such as ebony,  others are said to have become blackened from the soot of candles,  although this explanation and the significance of the Madonna’s skin colour is  contested.  There are several hundred black Madonnas in Europe. The topic of  black Madonnas has attracted a considerable literature in recent decades  approaching the subject from the perspective of various academic disciplines  including anthropology, psychology, art history, feminism, and Black history. \r\n\r\nThe statue of Notre-Dame du Pilier (Our Lady of the Pillar) in Chartres Cathedral is a 16th-century polychromed wooden copy of a 13th-century  silver statue which it replaced. Until its controversial 2013 restoration it was a black Madonna. The statue was granted a canonical coronation by Pope Pius IX which is celebrated with an annual procession and in honour of which the Confrérie de Notre-Dame de Chartres was erected. This souvenir holy card was issued by the confraternity in 1865 and the text on the back describes its activities and conditions of membership. ","physicalDescription":"Rectangular holy card (portrait format) with lace paper border. Front: round arch-shaped image printed in black depicting the shrine of Notre-Dame du Pilier (Our Lady of the Pillar) in Chartres Cathedral with its statue, pilgrims, votive lamps, and flowers. Lettered below the image. Back: text printed in black with information in French about the Confrérie de Notre-Dame de Chartres (Confraternity of Our Lady of Chartres)","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Bertrand, H","id":"AUTH351034"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""},{"name":{"text":"Brehier","id":"AUTH351035"},"association":{"text":"Printer","id":"x30811"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Durand","id":"AUTH351037"},"association":{"text":"Publisher","id":"x32600"},"note":""},{"name":{"text":"Confrérie de Notre-Dame de Chartres","id":"AUTH351038"},"association":{"text":"commissioned by","id":"x28662"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Paper","id":"x30308"},{"text":"ink","id":"AAT15012"}],"techniques":[{"text":"Engraving","id":"AAT53225"},{"text":"lithography","id":"AAT53271"},{"text":"embossing","id":"AAT53826"},{"text":"die-cutting","id":"AAT233399"},{"text":"piercing","id":"AAT231153"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Engraving and lithography on paper with embossing, die-cutting and piercing","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2019LH6673"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLF","id":"THES49656"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":"Black Madonna Topic Box"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Prints","id":"AAT41273"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"France","id":"x28849"},"association":{"text":"Printed and published","id":"x35383"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1865","earliest":"1865-01-01","latest":"1865-12-31"},"association":{"text":"Printed and published","id":"x35383"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Tim Travis in memory of Leslie Travis","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"10.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"7.1","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"<i>H. Bertrand fecit.  Imp. Brehier.   Durand Editeur.</i>\r\nNOTRE - DAME - DU - PILIER\nvénérée dans las Cathédrale\nde Chartres.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Lettered below the image, printed in black "}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"H. Bertrand, <i>Notre Dame du Pilier</i>, holy card souvenir for the Confraternity of Our Lady of Chartres, France, 1865.","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"Mass produced","id":"THES48863"},"contentDescription":"Shrine of Our Ladyof the Pillar in Chartres Cathedral","contentPlaces":[{"text":"Chartres","id":"THES253220"}],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"The Virgin Mary","id":"N16161"},{"text":"Jesus Christ","id":"N1515"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"Black Madonnas","id":"THES282271"},{"text":"Cathedrals","id":"AAT7501"},{"text":"pilgrims","id":"x31724"},{"text":"shrines","id":"AAT7558"},{"text":"statues","id":"AAT47600"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.496-2018"],"accessionNumberNum":"496","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":2018,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-17","recordCreationDate":"2018-06-20","availableToBook":false}}