{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1443577"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1443577/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2019LH6674/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2019LH6674/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2019LH6674","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1443577/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1443577","accessionNumber":"E.495-2018","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Notre-Dame de Chartres","type":"published title"}],"summaryDescription":"In art historical terms, a black Madonna is a painting or sculpture depicting  the Virgin with dark or black skin, created in Europe in the late medieval period, or sometimes an older image whose documented popular cult dates from that time. Some are made of dark or black materials such as ebony,  others are said to have become blackened from the soot of candles, although this explanation and the significance of the Madonna’s skin colour is contested. There are several hundred black Madonnas in Europe. The topic of black Madonnas has attracted a considerable literature in recent decades approaching the subject from the perspective of various academic disciplines including anthropology, psychology, art history, feminism, and Black history. \r\n\r\nThe statue of Notre-Dame du Pilier (Our Lady of the Pillar) in Chartres Cathedral is a 16th-century polychromed wooden copy of a 13th-century silver statue which it replaced. Until its controversial 2013 restoration it was a black Madonna. The statue was granted a canonical coronation by Pope Pius IX which is celebrated with an annual procession. This late 19th-century holy card was published for sale to pilgrims as a souvenir of the shrine.","physicalDescription":"Rectangular holy card (portrait format) with lace paper border. Front: image printed in black depicting the shrine of Notre Dame du Pilier (Our Lady of the Pillar) in Chrtres Cathedral, lettered in black below the image. Back: prayer in French to the Virgin Mary, printed in black, inscribed in pencil <i>Souvenir</i>.","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"J. L'anglois","id":"AUTH351056"},"association":{"text":"Printer and publisher","id":"x35446"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"},{"text":"ink","id":"AAT15012"}],"techniques":[{"text":"Lithography","id":"AAT53271"},{"text":"engraving","id":"AAT53225"},{"text":"embossing","id":"AAT53826"},{"text":"die-cutting","id":"AAT233399"},{"text":"piercing","id":"AAT231153"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Litho-engraving and lithography on paper with embossing, die-cutting and piercing.","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2019LH6674"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLF","id":"THES49656"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":"Black Madonna Topic Box"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Prints","id":"AAT41273"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Chartres","id":"x38922"},"association":{"text":"Printed and published","id":"x35383"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1860-1880","earliest":"1860-01-01","latest":"1880-12-31"},"association":{"text":"Printed and published","id":"x35383"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Tim Travis in memory of Leslie Travis","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"11.3","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"7.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"NOTRE-DAME DE CHARTRES\n<i>J. L'anglois, Editeur   Chartres</i>","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Below the image"}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"J. L'anglois, holy card souvenir of Notre-Dame de Chartres, France, late 19th century.","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"Mass produced","id":"THES48863"},"contentDescription":"The shrine of Notre dame du Pilier (Our Lady of the Pillar) in Chartres Cathedral.","contentPlaces":[{"text":"Chartres","id":"THES253220"}],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"The Virgin Mary","id":"N16161"},{"text":"Jesus Christ","id":"N1515"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"Shrines","id":"AAT7558"},{"text":"Cathedrals","id":"AAT7501"},{"text":"Statues","id":"AAT47600"},{"text":"Black Madonnas","id":"THES282271"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.495-2018"],"accessionNumberNum":"495","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":2018,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-17","recordCreationDate":"2018-06-20","availableToBook":false}}