{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1443569"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1443569/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KY2831/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KY2831/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2018KY2831","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1443569/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1443569","accessionNumber":"E.487-2018","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Unsere Liebe Frau von Maria-Einsiedeln (Our Lady of Einsiedeln)","type":"published title"}],"summaryDescription":"In art history, a black madonna is a painting or sculpture depicting the Virgin Mary with dark or black skin, created in Europe in the late Medieval period. Some are made of dark or black materials such as ebony, others are said to have become blackened from the soot of candles, although this explanation and the significance of the Virgin's skin colour is contested. There are several hundred black madonnas in Europe and the topic has attracted a considerable literature in recent decades approaching the subject from anthropological, art historical, feminist, psychoanalytical and Afrocentric  perspectives .\r\n\r\nThe Abbey of Einsiedeln is a Benedictine monastery dedicated to Our Lady of the Hermits and located in the village of Einsiedeln twenty miles southeast of Zurich. According to 9th and 14th century sources, the hermit St Meinrad (d. 861) was especially devoted to the Virgin and was given a miracle-working statue of the Virgin and Child by Abbess Hildegard of Zurich around which he built a chapel. Following his murder, a church was built over this chapel. The new church was dedicated but not the chapel. In 948 Conrad of  Constance was praying in the chapel when he witnessed Christ and the  angels performing the dedication rites. A papal bull of 11th November 966 allowed the celebration of the anniversary of this miracle and granted remission of sins to pilgrims to the shrine. This print may be a plate from an illustrated book or a souvenir of the shrine.","physicalDescription":"Rectangular image (portrait format) printed in colour with gold and silver on cream card: interior of the Lady Chapel of Einsiedeln Abbey, Switzerland, with the statue of Our Lady of Einsiedeln above an altar with a tabernacle, candlesticks, vases of flowers, ex-votos, and other ornaments. The statue is set within a golden cloud from which rays, flames and lightning bolts issue. A frieze on the front of the altar depicts the chapel's miraculous consecration. Lettered below the image with the title and the printer and publisher details. ","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[{"name":{"text":"Charles and Nicholas Benziger Brothers","id":"AUTH348882"},"association":{"text":"Printers and publishers","id":"x36385"},"note":""}],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Ink","id":"AAT15012"},{"text":"Card","id":"x30344"}],"techniques":[{"text":"Lithography","id":"AAT53271"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Chromolithograph","categories":[{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2018KY2831"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLF","id":"THES49656"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":"Black Madonna Topic Box"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Prints","id":"AAT41273"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Einsiedeln","id":"x46820"},"association":{"text":"Printed and published","id":"x35383"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1860-1880","earliest":"1860-01-01","latest":"1880-12-31"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Tim Travis in memory of Leslie Travis","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"27.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"sheet","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"19.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"sheet","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Gebr. C. & N. Benziger.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"C. & N. Benziger Bros.","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Below the image, bottom left, printed in brown"},{"content":"Chromo-Lith. in Einsiedeln, Schweiz.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Chromo-Lith. in Einsideln, Switzerland.","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Below the image, bottom right, printed in brown"},{"content":"Unsere Liebe Frau von Maria- Einsiedeln.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Our Lady of  Einsiedeln.","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Below the image, centre, printed in brown"}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Charles and Nicholas Benziger Brothers\r\n<i>Unsere Liebe Frau von Maria-Einsiedeln (Our Lady of Einsiedeln)</i>\nSwitzerland, 1860-80\nChromolithograph\n<i>\n</i>","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"Mass produced","id":"THES48863"},"contentDescription":"Interior of the Lady Chapel of Einsiedeln Abbey, Switzerland, with the statue of Our Lady of Einsiedeln above an altar with a tabernacle, candlesticks, vases of flowers, ex-votos, and other ornaments. The statue is set within a golden cloud from which rays, flames and lightning bolts issue. A frieze on the front of the altar depicts the chapel's miraculous consecration.","contentPlaces":[{"text":"Einsiedeln","id":"x46820"}],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[{"text":"The Virgin Mary","id":"N16161"},{"text":"Jesus Christ","id":"N1515"}],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[{"text":"","id":""}],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"Architecture","id":"AAT54156"},{"text":"Ornament","id":"AAT56258"},{"text":"Marble","id":"AAT11443"},{"text":"Altars","id":"AAT3725"},{"text":"Candlesticks","id":"AAT37588"},{"text":"Vases","id":"AAT132254"},{"text":"Tabernacles","id":"AAT207778"},{"text":"Ex votos","id":"AAT178244"},{"text":"Flowers","id":"x31099"},{"text":"Clouds","id":"x30091"},{"text":"Lightning","id":"AAT68795"},{"text":"Rays","id":"x38996"},{"text":"Flames","id":"AAT9910"},{"text":"Statues","id":"AAT47600"},{"text":"Black Madonnas","id":"THES282271"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.487-2018"],"accessionNumberNum":"487","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":2018,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-05","recordCreationDate":"2018-06-20","availableToBook":false}}