{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1438765"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1438765/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010CT4867/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010CT4867/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2010CT4867","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2010CT4868","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2010CT4866","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2010CT4865","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1438765/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1438765","accessionNumber":"MSL/1902/1698 (Reid 65)","objectType":"Manuscript","titles":[{"title":"Missal","type":""}],"summaryDescription":"This manuscript is a Missal, a liturgical book containing instructions and text for the celebration of Masses and religious feasts. It was made in Italy, most likely in Veneto, during the first quarter of the 14th century. Most missals would have been used by priests, but the portability of this small manuscript and the choice of texts relevant to funerals, journeys, sickness and specific feasts suggest its original owner brought it with him to carry out pastoral duties. \r\nThe only miniature in the manuscript represents the Crucifixion and opens the Canon and Order of the Mass (f. 27r). It was common for missals to mark this crucial moment in the mass with full-page miniatures, usually the Crucifixion, the consecration of the holy sacrament and God in majesty. \r\nThe miniature’s gilded background, the style of the faces, forms of the bodies and ornaments betray a strong Byzantine influence which points towards the Veneto as the manuscript’s place of production. Due to the commercial power of the Venetian Republic, Veneto was one of the most important points of contact between Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire. Other elements strengthen a Venetian attribution, such as the inclusion of saints venerated in Venice such as Fusca of Ravenna or St Hermagoras of Aquileia, whose relics were held in Venice.\r\nThe decoration of the missal was left unfinished, as evidenced by many unpainted decorated initials left. Nonetheless, the manuscript shows many traces of use throughout the centuries.\r\nAlthough the manuscript was rebound in the 15th or 16th century, traces of the original 14th-century one such as the wooden boards remain. Marks in these boards suggest that the original binding had either three clasps or three leather bands to keep the manuscript closed. As was often the case, fly-leaves of the old binding were recycled as pastedowns in the new iteration.\n","physicalDescription":"<b>Foliation</b>: parchment. i (20th-centruy paper), ii (14th-century parchment, conjoint with pastedown) + 101ff.\n\r\n<b>Number of lines</b>: 24 lines.\n\r\n<b>Language</b>: Latin.\n\r\n<b>Script</b>: rotunda Gothic bookhand.\n\r\n<b>Textual content</b>: \r\nff. 2r-25v: A series of Masses for various feasts.\r\nff. 26r-31r: The Canon and Order of the Mass. the Canon is a section of the Mass that begins after the Sanctus and the Order a description of how the texts should be used during Mass.\r\nff. 31r-34r: Prefaces for various seasons, the Virgin and the Apostles.\r\nff. 34r-63r: A series of votive Masses for, among others, the Ascension, the Transfiguration and various saints.\r\nff. 63v-69r: A series of Benediction for, among others, journeying and distributing candles as well as prefaces for the Purification of the Virgin and Christmas.\r\nff. 69v-70v: A Mass to the Wounds of Christ added in the 14th our 15th century.\r\nff. 71r-77r: Requiem Masses.\r\nff.77r-83v: Orders for anointing the sick and dying.\r\nff.83v-88v: Order of catechism indented for children and heretics.\r\nff. 89r-95v: Texts for Votive Masses.\r\nf. 96r: Prayers added in the 15th century.\r\nff.96v-97v: Series of nine prayers added in the 14th century.\r\nff.98r-98v: Prayers added in the 14th and 15th century.\r\nff. 99r-99v: The Litany, partial, i.e. prayers for processions and services.\r\nff. 99v-101v: Texts for the Order for making Holy Water.\n\r\n<b>Decoration</b>: 1 miniature, at the Canon of the Mass (f.27), of the Crucifixion with the Virgin and St. John and two angels above the cross, all with hands raised towards their eyes. The Cross, the Virgin's mantle and St. John's robe are all painted blue against a raised gold and burnished ground. Small portions of the paint on the Virgin's face, immediately above St.  John's head have flaked off. The miniature is surrounded by a double border of geometrical pattern painted in blue, green, dull pink and black. The page has never been completed, the opening words of the Canon \"Te Igitur\" never having been filled in by the scribe or illuminator.  Also 17 large penwork initials, incomplete and intended for gilding; numerous other smaller initials (complete) in blue and red penwork.\r\n\r\n<b>Binding</b>: light brown leather (torn) over wooden boards, decorated on each cover with diagonal blind-tooled fillets inside a rectangular border of triple fillets. Both covers formerly featured five metal studs and two leather thong fastenings; all now missing. 14th and 15th century.\r\n","artistMakerPerson":[],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"parchment","id":"AAT11851"},{"text":"leather","id":"AAT11845"},{"text":"gold","id":"AAT11021"},{"text":"paper","id":"x30308"},{"text":"wood","id":"AAT11914"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Gold, ink and pigments on parchment. Leather binding on wooden boards.","categories":[{"text":"Manuscripts","id":"THES48922"},{"text":"Medieval and renaissance","id":"THES271264"},{"text":"Books","id":"THES48986"},{"text":"National Art Library","id":"THES271541"},{"text":"Bookbinding","id":"THES253015"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"NAL","id":"THES48605"},"images":["2010CT4867","2010CT4868","2010CT4866","2010CT4865"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"10","id":"THES49099"},"free":"","case":"CA13","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Manuscript","id":"AAT28569"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Veneto","id":"x29376"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"c.1300-1325","earliest":"1295-01-01","latest":"1325-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Bequeathed by George Reid in 1902. ","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"178","unit":"mm","qualifier":"closed","date":{"text":"31/10/2018","earliest":"2018-10-31","latest":"2018-10-31"},"part":"Binding","note":"Measured in Book Conservation measuring box"},{"dimension":"Width","value":"125","unit":"mm","qualifier":"closed","date":{"text":"31/10/2018","earliest":"2018-10-31","latest":"2018-10-31"},"part":"","note":"Measured in Book Conservation measuring box"},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"30","unit":"mm","qualifier":"closed","date":{"text":"31/10/2018","earliest":"2018-10-31","latest":"2018-10-31"},"part":"","note":"Measured in Book Conservation measuring box"}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Bequeathed by George Reid in 1902. ","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Manuscript, Missal, in Latin, Veneto?, c. 1300-1325","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"Ker, N.R.<u> Medieval Manuscripts in British Libraries I</u>. Oxford: 1967.","id":"AUTH348652"},"details":"p. 384","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Whalley, J.I.<u>The pen's excellencie. Calligraphy of western Europe and America</u>. Tunbridge Wells: 1980.","id":"AUTH348653"},"details":"p. 98","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Harthan J.P.<u>An introduction to illuminated manuscripts</u>. London: 1983.","id":"AUTH348657"},"details":"p. 21","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Watson, R.<u> Illuminated manuscripts and their makers. An account based on the collection of the Victoria & Albert Museum</u>. London, 2003.","id":"AUTH348649"},"details":"p. 54, pl. 78; pp. 63-64, pls. 90-92","free":""},{"reference":{"text":"Watson, R. <u>Western Illuminated Manuscripts.Victoria and Albert Museum. A catalogue of works in the National Art Library from the eleventh to the early twentieth century, with a complete account of the George Reid Collection</u>. London, 2011.","id":"AUTH348315"},"details":"vol. 1, pp.122-125, cat. 19","free":""}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"Unique","id":"THES48864"},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"On display in the Medieval and Renaissance Galleries, Gallery 10, V&A: <br>\r\nMISSAL<br>\r\nAbout 1300-1325<br>\r\n<br>\r\nThe missal contained the texts needed by the priest to celebrate Mass throughout the year. This example is particularly concerned with funerals, the care of the sick and safe travel, which suggests it was made for a priest with pastoral duties. Its only miniature marks the moment during Mass when Christ’s sacrifice on the cross is commemorated through the Eucharist. <br>\r\n<br>\r\nItaly, Veneto<br>\r\nInk on parchment, with pigment and gold<br>\r\nBequeathed by George Reid, Museum no. MSL/1902/1698 (Reid 65)","date":{"text":"12/2018","earliest":"2018-12-01","latest":"2018-12-31"}}],"partNumbers":["38041800159105"],"accessionNumberNum":"38041800159105","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"NAL Pressmark","id":"THES56809"},"number":"KRP.A.8"},{"type":{"text":"Previous number","id":"THES51695"},"number":"Reid 65"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-05","recordCreationDate":"2018-04-24","availableToBook":false}}