{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1433564"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1433564/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KR4295/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2018KR4295/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"low","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2018KR4295","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2018KR4296","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":null},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1433564","accessionNumber":"E.327-2018","objectType":"Photograph","titles":[{"title":"","type":""}],"summaryDescription":"Jean-Pierre Sudre originally studied cinema in Paris, but soon began to work as a professional photographer. He worked on commercial commissions to support his own independent and highly experimental practice. Sudre was a masterful darkroom technician, using his understanding of photographic processes to create innovative camera-less techniques that amplified the abstract qualities of nature. \r\n\r\nIn the 1960s, Sudre pursued his interest in abstracting natural patterns by creating crystals on glass plates, which he would then use as a ‘negative’ for camera-less photographs (cliché verre) and printing them using a technique known as ‘mordançage’. Based upon a 19th century printing process known as ‘etch-bleach’, mordançage applies a solution of hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid and copper chloride to developed photographic paper to achieve an effect like an etching. Once a fully-processed gelatin silver print is submerged in the solution, the darker areas expand and loosen, allowing them to be wiped away. Next, Sudre would thoroughly wash then redevelop the print. He experimented with developers with different chemical make-ups, often creating his own. He achieved different colour effects through various chemical toners and by allowing the developer to oxidize. This dynamic and expressive use of colour also became an integral part of the work. By the 1970s, Sudre had also begun to emphasize specific symbolism in his work through combining cliché verre images with found illustrations and photograms.\r\n","physicalDescription":"Abstract photograph. Two white and grey shapes dominate the centre of the image, on a blue background","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Jean-Pierre Sudre","id":"AUTH354528"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""},{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"Photographic paper","id":"AAT14190"}],"techniques":[{"text":"Gelatin silver","id":"AAT139114"},{"text":"mordancage","id":"THES252475"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Gelatin silver print made using the ‘mordançage’ technique, also known as ‘etch-bleach’, a process\r\nusing metal toning and etching that gives the image a shimmering appearance.","categories":[{"text":"Photographs","id":"THES48910"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2018KR4295","2018KR4296"],"imageResolution":"low","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"512M","id":"THES49774"},"free":"","case":"PX4","shelf":"8","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Photographs","id":"AAT46300"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1972","earliest":"1972-01-01","latest":"1972-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Accepted under the Cultural Gifts Scheme by HM Government from Dylan Haskins and allocated to the V&A, 2019","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"19.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"30.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Camera-less photograph using mordançage technique by Jean Pierre Sudre, 1972","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["E.327-2018"],"accessionNumberNum":"327","accessionNumberPrefix":"E","accessionYear":2018,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-09","recordCreationDate":"2018-02-23","availableToBook":false}}