{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O142075"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O142075/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010EK2517/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010EK2517/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2010EK2517","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2010EE9612","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2010EC7885","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2010EK2529","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2010EK2516","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O142075/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O142075","accessionNumber":"153-1882","objectType":"Tenor viol","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Viols were made in pitches ranging from treble to bass, and they were often played in an ensemble or 'consort'. They were held between the legs, hence the term <i>viola da gamba</i>, and were played with a bow that was held with the palm of the hand turned outwards. The bow was used in an 'under-arm' motion, rather than the 'over-arm' movement of a violin bow. This exerts less pressure on the string, resulting in a softer sound than made by violins or 'cellos, so viols ultimately proved less suitable for orchestral work. The maker of this viol remains unknown but the instrument was probably made in England, where the instrument flourished from the 1520s until the 1680s.\r\n","physicalDescription":"'Belly of five pieces of pine, single-purfled [bordered]. Back of two pieces of sycamore, slightly bent inwards near the top instead of being normally half-cut. An open scroll [-ed pegbox]. Plain ebony tailpiece, attached to hook-bar, and ebony fingerboard with diagonal cross-banded edges in two shades of brown wood, Nut width 3.5 cm. Six ebony pegs with ivory buttons.'  Anthony Baines: Catalogue of Musical Instruments in the Victoria and Albert Museum - Part II: Non-keyboard instruments. (London, 1998), p 4.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"pine","id":"AAT12620"},{"text":"ebony","id":"AAT12055"},{"text":"sycamore","id":"AAT12357"},{"text":"ivory","id":"AAT11857"}],"techniques":[{"text":"purfling","id":"x37774"},{"text":"carving","id":"AAT53149"},{"text":"planing","id":"AAT53863"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Planed and purfled (bordered) pine soundboard; planed sycamore back and sides; planed ebony fingerboard; carved sycamore peg-box","categories":[{"text":"Musical instruments","id":"THES48919"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"FWK","id":"THES48597"},"images":["2010EK2517","2010EE9612","2010EC7885","2010EK2529","2010EK2516"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"002","id":"THES341733"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Tenor viol","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"England","id":"x28826"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1660","earliest":"1655-01-01","latest":"1664-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Length","value":"108","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"total","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"68.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"belly","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"12.2","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"23","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"Upper bout","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"26","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"lower bout","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Dimensions taken from Catalogue of Musical Instruments in the Victoria and Albert Museum, part II, non-keyboard instruments by Anthony Baines.","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"This instrument forned part of the collections of Carl Engel (1818-1882). It was bought for £5 by the Museum in 1882.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"English tenor viol, open-scrolled pegbox, sycamore, pine and ebony, about 1660.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Anthony Baines: Catalogue of Musical Instruments in the Victoria and Albert Museum - Part II: Non-keyboard instruments. (London, 1998), p. 4"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["153-1882"],"accessionNumberNum":"153","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1882,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-07-18","recordCreationDate":"2007-12-19","availableToBook":true}}