{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O141583"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O141583/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2015HN1300/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2015HN1300/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2015HN1300","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O141583/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O141583","accessionNumber":"CAI.728","objectType":"Print","titles":[{"title":"Nude Lying Down","type":"popular title"},{"title":"Negress Lying Down","type":"published title"}],"summaryDescription":"In early inventories of Rembrandt’s prints the subject of this etching was referred to as ‘het slapende vrouwtje’ ('the sleeping girl’). Later, around 1800, she was identified as a ‘negress lying down’. Rembrandt would have seen black Africans in Amsterdam; he made figure sketches of some individuals and on occasion included black subjects in his paintings, particularly those of historical or religious scenes. However, it is almost certain that the identification of the subject in this work as a black African woman is an incorrect interpretation of the artist’s intention to portray a (white) female nude in a dark interior.","physicalDescription":"Etching, drypoint and burin depicting in landscape format of a reclining female nude, resting upon a crumpled sheet, with her back towards the viewer. The figure wears some kind of headcovering, the details of which are not visible.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Rembrandt van Rijn","id":"A4362"},"association":{"text":"artist","id":"AAT25103"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"paper (fiber product)","id":"AAT14109"},{"text":"printing ink","id":"AAT187371"}],"techniques":[{"text":"etching (printing process)","id":"AAT53241"},{"text":"drypoint","id":"AAT53228"},{"text":"engraving","id":"AAT53225"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Etching, drypoint and burin","categories":[{"text":"Black History","id":"THES48989"},{"text":"Prints","id":"THES48903"},{"text":"Nude","id":"THES271218"}],"styles":[{"text":"Dutch School","id":"x31259"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"PDP","id":"THES48595"},"images":["2015HN1300"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"LVLD","id":"THES49658"},"free":"","case":"IONIDES","shelf":"5","box":"B"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"print","id":"AAT41273"}],[{"text":"etching","id":"AAT41365"}],[{"text":"drypoint","id":"AAT53228"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"No","note":"NB The term \"negress\" or \"negro\" was used historically to describe people of black African heritage but, since the 1960s, has fallen from usage and, increasingly, is considered offensive. The term is repeated here in its original historical context."}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Amsterdam","id":"x28722"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1658","earliest":"1658-01-01","latest":"1658-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Bequeathed by Constantine Alexander Ionides","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"15.7","unit":"cm","qualifier":"with support paper","date":{"text":"Oct 2012","earliest":"2012-10-01","latest":"2012-10-31"},"part":"sheet","note":""},{"dimension":"Length","value":"25","unit":"cm","qualifier":"with support paper","date":{"text":"Oct 2012","earliest":"2012-10-01","latest":"2012-10-31"},"part":"sheet","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"90","unit":"mm","qualifier":"trimmed to","date":{"text":"Oct 2012","earliest":"2012-10-01","latest":"2012-10-31"},"part":"image","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"165","unit":"mm","qualifier":"trimmed to","date":{"text":"Oct 2012","earliest":"2012-10-01","latest":"2012-10-31"},"part":"image","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"82","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"Oct 2012","earliest":"2012-10-01","latest":"2012-10-31"},"part":"platemark","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"153","unit":"mm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"Oct 2012","earliest":"2012-10-01","latest":"2012-10-31"},"part":"platemark","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"Measured by Conservation. Confirmed by Dept.","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Rembrandt f.1658.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Signed and dated"},{"content":"[Watermark/Countermark] D.C.","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"mirrored, top centre","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"NB The term \"negress\" was used historically to describe people of black African heritage but, since the 1960s, has fallen from usage and, increasingly, is considered offensive. The term is repeated here in its original historical context.\r\n\r\nC.A. Ionides Bequest.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Etching, drypoint and burin by Rembrandt van Rijn, 'Nude lying down', third state. Amsterdam, 1658.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Taken from V&A Internal Catalogue"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Bartsch, Adam von. <u>Catalogue raisonné de toutes les estampes qui forment l'oeuvre de Rembrandt</u> (Vienna, 1797). B.205"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"White, Christopher and Boon, Karel G. <u>Rembrandt's Etchings: An Illustrated Critical Catalogue in Two Volumes, I. Text</u>. (Amsterdam: Van Gendt & Co; London: A. Zwemmer Ltd., 1969)."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Blanc, Charles, <u>L'oeuvre complet de Rembrandt, décrit et commenté</u>, (Paris, 1859-61)."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Hind, Arthur M. <u>A Catalogue of Rembrandt's Etchings</u>. (London: Methuen and Co. Ltd., 1923)."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Biörklund George. <u>Rembrandt's Etchings, True and False: A Summary Catalogue in a Distinctive Chronological Order and Completely Illustrated</u>, (Stockholm, London & Paris, 1955) (2nd ed. 1968)."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"<u>The Catalogue of the Constantine Alexander Ionides Collection.</u> London. Victoria and Albert Museum, 1904, 728."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Hollstein, F. W. H. (Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich), 1888-1957. <u>Dutch and Flemish etchings, engravings and woodcuts, ca. 1450-1700.</u> Amsterdam : M. Hertzberger, 1949-, vol. 18-19.  \r\n"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"nude","id":"AAT189568"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[{"text":"The familiar title of this print, 'Negress lying down' probably derives from a simple misreading of Rembrandt's entirely characteristic depiction of a figure in a deeply shadowed interior; earlier references suggest that it belongs to the artist's series of 'naked young women sleeping'. Nineteenth-century connoisseurs and artists such as Strang and Whistler rediscovered these delightfully informal and intimate studies, valuing them more highly than Rembrandt's grander and more solemn productions.","date":{"text":"May 2008","earliest":"2008-05-01","latest":"2008-05-31"}}],"partNumbers":["CAI.728"],"accessionNumberNum":"728","accessionNumberPrefix":"CAI","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2019LW2903"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-18","recordCreationDate":"2007-12-12","availableToBook":false}}