{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O140369"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O140369/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010EE3831/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010EE3831/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2010EE3831","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2010EE3830","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O140369/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O140369","accessionNumber":"IM.161A/1,2-1914","objectType":"Manuscript page","titles":[{"title":"Janma","type":"assigned by artist"}],"summaryDescription":"The Kalpasutra (Book of Rituals) is the most important canonical text in Jain literature for the Svetambaras (white-clad), one of the two sects of Jainism.  Jainism is one of the oldest religions to have survived until the present time and its basic teaching is one of non-violence.  The Kalpasutra is divided into three sections.   The first section deals with the lives of the twenty-four Jinas or Tirthankaras, who were the Jain spiritual teachers or 'ford-makers'.  The second part deals with the life of Mahavira, the twenty-fourth Tirthankara.  The third part deals with rules for the ascetics and laws during the four months (chaturmas) of the rainy season, when ascetics temporarily abandon their wandering life and settle down amidst the laity. This is the time when the festival of Paryushan is celebrated and the Kalpasutra is traditionally recited.\r\nOne page shows Mahavira's birth, with his mother Trishala and an attendant. It is richly illustrated with gold, green and red paint on a blue and red background, reflecting the importance attached to such manuscripts. One eye of each figure is depicted protruding from the outline of the head, a convention of Indian painting of this date. There is text on the right-hand side and also on the back in Prakrit (IM.161-1914). The other Kalpasutra page has text only (IM.161:A-1914).","physicalDescription":"<i>Kalpasutra</i> page with text only with the folio number 3 in Devanagari in the right corner. Both pages have painted medallions on the left and right and in the centre. The designs of these are  different between the two pages: red and blue in a circular shape for this page.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"paint","id":"AAT15029"},{"text":"paper","id":"AAT14109"}],"techniques":[{"text":"painted","id":"AAT54216"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Painted on paper","categories":[{"text":"Paintings","id":"THES48917"},{"text":"Jain","id":"THES49013"},{"text":"Birth","id":"THES48990"},{"text":"Bonita Trust Indian Paintings Cataloguing Project","id":"THES263148"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2010EE3831","2010EE3830"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"009","id":"THES403546"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"manuscript page","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Gujarat","id":"x29825"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"16th century","earliest":"1500-01-01","latest":"1599-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Purchased from Dr A K Coomaraswamy","dimensions":[],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'3' [folio number]","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"devanagri"}],"objectHistory":"Nos. IM 158 to 168-1914 acquired from Dr. Cooraswamy for £17.\r\n\r\nPurchased from Dr A K Coomaraswamy, 39, Brookfield, West Hill, Highgate, N. This acquisition information reflects that found in the Museum records (Asia Department registers and/or Central Inventory) as part of a 2023 provenance research project.\r\n\r\nRP 1914.1096M","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Illustrated <i>Kalpasutra</i> page, painted on paper, Gujarat, 16th century","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"See Kyoto: 'Great Oriental Art Exhibition' Catalogue, Japan 1977.  Colour plate 90, black and white 90."},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"Balbir, N. et al, 'Catalogue of the Jain Manuscripts of the British Library including the holdings of the British Museum and the Victoria & Albert Museum'. London, British Library and Institute of Jainology, 2006. Vol 1, pp.38-39, Vol 2, pp.123-124."}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[{"text":"Jainism","id":"AAT143540"}],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["IM.161A/1-1914"],"accessionNumberNum":"161","accessionNumberPrefix":"IM","accessionYear":1914,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-05","recordCreationDate":"2007-11-01","availableToBook":true}}