{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O138760"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O138760/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BT3332/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2008BT3332/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2008BT3332","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O138760/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O138760","accessionNumber":"254-1904","objectType":"Snuff container","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Snuff, a preparation of powdered and processed tobacco, has been widely used in Africa since Europeans introduced tobacco in the 16th century. Used in social situations, snuff was usually carried in a small container, such as this gourd which is missing its wooden stopper. Snuff containers are among the most personal objects produced in southern Africa. Being discreet but portable tokens of status, snuff containers were worn as accessories by both men and women. The value of this container is highlighted by the use of fine brass and copper wire in its decoration. Copper was not available locally to the Zulu people and had to be traded for.","physicalDescription":"Snuff container made of gourd decorated (wholly) with brass and steel wire. Missing stopper.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"gourd","id":"AAT11870"},{"text":"brass","id":"AAT10946"},{"text":"steel","id":"AAT10917"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Gourd container with brass and steel wire decoration","categories":[{"text":"Africa","id":"THES49019"},{"text":"Containers","id":"THES48972"}],"styles":[{"text":"Zulu","id":"AAT16558"}],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2008BT3332"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"004","id":"THES409368"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Snuff container","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"No","note":"06/08/2024 Term 'Kaffir' appeared after 'South African' in accession register entry. Removed the term and changed CW to No (ZH)\r\n"}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"South Africa","id":"x30058"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"late 19th century","earliest":"1850-01-01","latest":"1900-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Bequeathed by Edmond Dresden","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Diameter","value":"8","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Accessions register entry - 'Gourd covered with a close spiral plaiting of fine brass and steel wire. / Globular with a small hole at the top. / South African. Diam. 31/8in. H.2 1/4in.'\r\nDisplayed in \"V and A Africa: Exploring Hidden Histories\"\r\n15th November 2012- 3rd February 2013","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Snuff container, gourd with brass and steel wire decoration, South Africa, late 19th century","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["254-1904"],"accessionNumberNum":"254","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1904,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-02-11","recordCreationDate":"2007-08-28","availableToBook":true}}