{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O137339"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O137339/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BJ2728/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2006BJ2728/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2006BJ2728","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2006BJ2729","copyright":"©Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O137339/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O137339","accessionNumber":"377-1886","objectType":"Tau cross","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Although traditional jewellery was worn throughout Sweden, and has a distinct Swedish character, there are marked differences between the different provinces.  Skåne province, in the extreme south of Sweden, has the richest tradition, and more jewellery was worn there than in any other district.  Almost all the Swedish traditional jewellery at the V&A comes from Skåne.  \r\n\r\nWhen Sweden became Protestant in 1527, Swedish women continued to wear crosses rich with symbolism and religious pendants like their medieval predecessors.  The most typical Swedish cross is the tau (T-shaped) cross, also called the cross of St Anthony, from Skåne.  Sweden is the only country which has tau crosses among its traditional jewellery.\r\n\r\nThe oldest tau crosses were made from solid metal.  In the late 18th century the silversmiths of Kristianstad started to mass produce these crosses from two sheets of thin stamped silver, soldered together round the edge, with a chain trimming to cover the joint.  The silversmiths of Ystad retaliated by copying the popular Kristianstad patterns in their own heavier one-piece style.  The back of Ystad crosses, like this one, is always flat.  Many pieces of Swedish traditional jewellery use the renaissance motif of an angel's head with wings.  The hollow ball below the loop is also typical of Swedish traditional jewellery.\r\n\r\nThis cross is marked with the Ystad griffin mark, and the maker's mark P.W.  Peter Magnus Wallengren was a leading silversmith in Ystad, who specialised in making traditional jewellery from 1830 to 1879.  The red glass stones are typical of Swedish traditional jewellery of all kinds in the 19th century.","physicalDescription":"Tau cross pendant with a stamped image of the crucifixion, set with red pastes, with a winged angel's head above.  Ten (originally eleven) disc pendants round the sides and base.  The suspension loop is attached to a hollow sphere above the angel's head.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Wallengren","id":"A16820"},"association":{"text":"maker","id":"x40240"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"silver-gilt","id":"x37998"},{"text":"pastes","id":"x38653"}],"techniques":[],"materialsAndTechniques":"Stamped silver-gilt set with red pastes","categories":[{"text":"Jewellery","id":"THES48930"},{"text":"Metalwork","id":"THES48920"},{"text":"Christianity","id":"THES48978"},{"text":"Europeana Fashion Project","id":"THES265804"},{"text":"Traditional jewellery (Europe)","id":"THES270343"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"MET","id":"THES48599"},"images":["2006BJ2728","2006BJ2729"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"91M (VA)","id":"THES49137"},"free":"","case":"70","shelf":"C","box":"4"}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Pendant cross","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Ystad","id":"x40850"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""},{"place":{"text":"Herrestad","id":"x42967"},"association":{"text":"worn","id":"x34724"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"ca. 1850","earliest":"1845-01-01","latest":"1854-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"13.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"9.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""},{"dimension":"Depth","value":"1.4","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"'P.W'","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Mark of Peter Magnus Wallengren of Ystad, Skåne","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Stamped twice, on the front edge below the winged cherub's head, and on the front edge at the side of the flared lower part of the cross, opposite the town mark."},{"content":"griffin in square frame","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"Town mark of Ystad","transliteration":"","type":"","note":"Stamped twice, on the front edge below the winged cherub's head, and on the front edge at the side of the flared lower part of the cross, opposite the maker's mark."}],"objectHistory":"","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Silver-gilt tau cross (striglakors) set with red pastes, with pendant discs, Skåne (Sweden), 19th century.","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[{"text":"crucifixion","id":"V405"}],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[{"text":"Angel","id":"x31516"},{"text":"tau cross","id":"AAT10091"}],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["377-1886"],"accessionNumberNum":"377","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1886,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":["2017KA7258","2019LP9793","2019LT1976","2019LU9208"],"recordModificationDate":"2026-05-07","recordCreationDate":"2007-07-13","availableToBook":false}}