{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O1364099"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O1364099/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2016JR2085/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2016JR2085/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2016JR2085","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O1364099/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O1364099","accessionNumber":"52954","objectType":"Photograph","titles":[{"title":"Bij Bihara, on the Jhelum","type":"assigned by artist"},{"title":"Bij Bihara","type":"generic title"}],"summaryDescription":"In 1863 Samuel Bourne (1834-1912) arrived in India. He had left his job as a Nottingham bank clerk in order to develop his new career as a photographer. Bourne undertook three treks to Kashmir and the western Himalayas in 1863, 1864 and 1866, during which he photographed his surroundings extensively. Throughout his travels he wrote about his first impressions of the places he visited and these writings were published in the British Journal of Photography.\n\r\nHe began his second trip to India, during which this photograph was taken, in March 1864. It was to be a nine-month expedition through the Kashmir region. This image shows a view at Bijbehara on the Jhelum River. The Jhelum is the westernmost of the Punjab’s five rivers. Rising from a deep spring at Vernag, in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, it meanders northwestward from the northern slope of the Pir Panjal Range and through the Vale of Kashmir to Wular Lake. \n\r\nTowards the end of the 1860s, Bourne established a partnership with fellow photographer and Englishman Charles Shepherd (fl.1858-1878) and in the space of a few years Bourne & Shepherd became the pre-eminent photographic firm in India. By the end of 1870 they had three branches, in Simla, Calcutta and Bombay.\n\r\nSamuel Bourne’s ability to combine technical skill and artistic vision has led to him being recognised today as one of the most outstanding photographers working in India in the nineteenth century.","physicalDescription":"The photograph shows a view overlooking the Jhelum River with a tree to the left hand side and buildings on the opposite side of the water.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Bourne, Samuel","id":"A8171"},"association":{"text":"photographer","id":"x43821"},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[],"techniques":[{"text":"wet collodion process","id":"AAT133299"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Albumen print from wet collodion negative","categories":[{"text":"Photographs","id":"THES48910"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"SSEA","id":"THES48598"},"images":["2016JR2085"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"004","id":"THES403840"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"photograph","id":"AAT46300"}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"India","id":"x29790"},"association":{"text":"photographed","id":"x30151"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1864","earliest":"1864-01-01","latest":"1864-12-31"},"association":{"text":"photographed","id":"x30151"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"23.6","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"photograph","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"29.5","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"photograph","note":""},{"dimension":"Height","value":"26.9","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"mount","note":""},{"dimension":"Width","value":"33","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"mount","note":""}],"dimensionsNote":"","marksAndInscriptions":[{"content":"Signature and negative number in bottom right hand corner","inscriber":{"name":{"text":"","id":""},"association":{"text":"","id":""}},"date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"description":"","interpretation":"","language":"","medium":"","method":"","position":"","script":"","translation":"","transliteration":"","type":"","note":""}],"objectHistory":"This photograph was initially part of the  photographic collection held in the National Art  Library. The markings on the mount are an  indication of the history of the object, its  movement through the museum and the way it  is categorised. The mount is white. Bottom Left: Label from Bourne catalogue with some handwritten text.","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Photograph, 'Bij Bihara, on the Jhelum', albumen print, Samuel Bourne, India, 1860s","bibliographicReferences":[],"production":"The negative was made in 1864. This print was made before March 1867.","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[{"text":"India","id":"x29790"}],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["52954"],"accessionNumberNum":"52954","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":null,"otherNumbers":[{"type":{"text":"Negative number","id":"THES50273"},"number":"784"}],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2025-04-09","recordCreationDate":"2016-08-17","availableToBook":true}}