{"meta":{"version":"2.1","_links":{"self":{"href":"https://api.vam.ac.uk/v2/object/O135985"},"collection_page":{"href":"https://collections.vam.ac.uk/item/O135985/"}},"images":{"_primary_thumbnail":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010ED2761/full/!100,100/0/default.jpg","_iiif_image":"https://framemark.vam.ac.uk/collections/2010ED2761/","_alt_iiif_image":[],"imageResolution":"high","_images_meta":[{"assetRef":"2010ED2761","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false},{"assetRef":"2021MV9947","copyright":"© Victoria and Albert Museum, London","sensitiveImage":false}]},"see_also":{"_iiif_pres":"https://iiif.vam.ac.uk/collections/O135985/manifest.json","_alt_iiif_pres":[]}},"record":{"systemNumber":"O135985","accessionNumber":"1654-1871","objectType":"Leather panel","titles":[],"summaryDescription":"Leather panels were used to cover walls as an alternative to wooden panelling or textile hangings. Luxurious effects could be achieved with rich colours and highly patterned surfaces. Often the decoration of these hangings echoed the design of other furnishings in a room, and tied together an interior decorative scheme. The exuberant scrolls and foliage on this panel resemble carved decoration found on gilded French furniture of the early 18th century. \r\n\r\nIt is uncertain exactly how this panel was made. Traditionally, wet leather was pressed onto a raised wooden mould to create an embossed surface. In 1628, however, a similar process using a heated metal plate was patented in the Netherlands. This technique, which was widely copied, made it possible to produce large numbers of identical, finely detailed panels. Even sharper detail could be achieved on a thin leather, such as calf skin, which was probably used for this panel. Its crisp embossed surface suggests that a metal plate was used in this panel's manufacture.\r\n\r\nAlthough areas of the panel appear to be gilded, the precious metal used to create this effect is actually silver. A thin silver foil was applied to the panel and then coated with a layer of yellow varnish to look like gold leaf.","physicalDescription":"Embossed and painted leather panel, with gilt-effect scrolls, foliage and flowers on a dark blue ground.","artistMakerPerson":[{"name":{"text":"Unknown","id":"A1848"},"association":{"text":"","id":""},"note":""}],"artistMakerOrganisations":[],"artistMakerPeople":[],"materials":[{"text":"calf leather","id":"x36873"}],"techniques":[{"text":"varnishing","id":"AAT53825"},{"text":"silvering","id":"AAT53989"},{"text":"embossing","id":"AAT53826"},{"text":"painting","id":"x30598"}],"materialsAndTechniques":"Embossed and gilded leather","categories":[{"text":"Leather","id":"THES49030"},{"text":"Furniture","id":"THES48948"},{"text":"Interiors","id":"THES48933"}],"styles":[],"collectionCode":{"text":"FWK","id":"THES48597"},"images":["2010ED2761","2021MV9947"],"imageResolution":"high","galleryLocations":[{"current":{"text":"003","id":"THES301741"},"free":"","case":"","shelf":"","box":""}],"partTypes":[[{"text":"Panel","id":""}]],"contentWarnings":[{"apprise":"","note":""}],"placesOfOrigin":[{"place":{"text":"Netherlands","id":"x29020"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"productionDates":[{"date":{"text":"1700-50","earliest":"1700-01-01","latest":"1750-12-31"},"association":{"text":"made","id":"x28654"},"note":""}],"associatedObjects":[],"creditLine":"Given by Murray Marks","dimensions":[{"dimension":"Height","value":"76","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":"Measurements taken by Eloy Koldeweij 1995-96"},{"dimension":"Width","value":"61","unit":"cm","qualifier":"","date":{"text":"","earliest":null,"latest":null},"part":"","note":"Measurements taken by Eloy Koldeweij 1995-96"}],"dimensionsNote":"Original measurements: L. 2 ft. 6 in. W. 2 ft.","marksAndInscriptions":[],"objectHistory":"Given by Murray Marks, 395 Oxford St (with three other leather panels, 1651, 1652, 1653 and 1654-1871), and then attributed as 'Spanish. 17th century'\r\nWall hangings in Levens Hall, Cumbria (GB). Panels in the Museum of Leathercraft, Northampton, inventory number 1546-67/29; Temple Newsam House, Leeds, temporary inventory number 12; Kunstgewerbemuseum, Dresden, inventory numbers 6864, 14327; Deutsches Ledermuseum, Offenbach am Main, inventory numbers 2432, 2433 and 2455; Württembergisches Landesmuseum, Stuttgart, inventory number WLM 9483 f; Museo des Artes Decorativos, Madrid, inventory number 461; Coll. Colomer-Munmany, Vic, inventory number C2427","historicalContext":"","briefDescription":"Embossed gilt leather panel, decorated with a symmetrical design with flowers, foliage and shield -shaped scrolls, all gilded on a blue ground, Dutch, ca. 1700-1750.","bibliographicReferences":[{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"J.F. Riano, Catalogue of the art and objects of Spanish production in the South Kensington Museum, London 1872, page 62"},{"reference":{"text":"","id":""},"details":"","free":"South Kensington Museum, John Charles Robinson, J. C Robinson, and R. Clay, Sons and Taylor. 1881. <i>Catalogue of the Special Loan Exhibition of Spanish and Portuguese Ornamental Art: South Kensington Museum, 1881</i>. London: Chapman & Hall, p.186"}],"production":"","productionType":{"text":"","id":""},"contentDescription":"","contentPlaces":[],"associatedPlaces":[],"contentPerson":[],"associatedPerson":[],"contentOrganisations":[],"associatedOrganisations":[],"contentPeople":[],"associatedPeople":[],"contentEvents":[],"associatedEvents":[],"contentOthers":[],"contentConcepts":[],"contentLiteraryRefs":[],"galleryLabels":[],"partNumbers":["1654-1871"],"accessionNumberNum":"1654","accessionNumberPrefix":"","accessionYear":1871,"otherNumbers":[],"copyNumber":"","aspects":["WHOLE"],"assets":[],"recordModificationDate":"2026-01-01","recordCreationDate":"2007-06-06","availableToBook":true}}